7400 series was first. It was actually faster than the 4000 series, because the 4000 series was designed for low power.
74LS followed lower power than 74 series and a little bit faster.
Then there was 74S - faster but not low power.
Eventually, after several more bpiolar types, there was 74HC = high-speed CMOS - as fast as the 74LS and a low power as the 4000 series, but limited to 6V; and 74HCT (with the same logic thresholds as the original 74 series).
After that there was 74AC (faster, higher output current than 74HC) and lower voltage versions (74LV) and lower voltage versions that will withstand higher voltage input (74LVC)
And probably several more that I have forgotten.
74LS followed lower power than 74 series and a little bit faster.
Then there was 74S - faster but not low power.
Eventually, after several more bpiolar types, there was 74HC = high-speed CMOS - as fast as the 74LS and a low power as the 4000 series, but limited to 6V; and 74HCT (with the same logic thresholds as the original 74 series).
After that there was 74AC (faster, higher output current than 74HC) and lower voltage versions (74LV) and lower voltage versions that will withstand higher voltage input (74LVC)
And probably several more that I have forgotten.