Depending on the end of the winding the start capacitor is connected to, the phase angle of the current in the start winding is either leading or lagging 90°

Hello i do not get your meaning here. In an AC circuit, the current has no polarity, so how can the capacitor have a orientation relative to the winding? If it's in front of the winding in this half of the cycle, then it's behind the winding in that half. How does the winding "know" which is the hot side and which is the neutral side?

 

Hello i do not get your meaning here. In an AC circuit, the current has no polarity, so how can the capacitor have a orientation relative to the winding? If it's in front of the winding in this half of the cycle, then it's behind the winding in that half. How does the winding "know" which is the hot side and which is the neutral side?

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Well, it took me a while to get to the bottom of this. Most people just give you the runaround.
You see we know that coils are inductors. We know that. Also instead of being a resistor, they use the term reactance for coil.
So you can see coils, therefore, have inductance reactance. It is just words, words, words, and more words, terminologies. You can simplify it or you can dazzle people with it.
So-called inductance reactance is nothing more than than the coil reacting change. What change you may ask.
You also know that when you run current through the coil besides it becomes a magnet with a north and south pole.
And therefore it has a force just like magnets have force.... do you see? This force was which is caused by current and results of the magnetic field like to stay a magnet just fine. So if you change the current to it, it resists it and it doesn't want to change. This is the dam reactance they are talking about. It is another term for back EMF if you mean what I mean. These so-called traits properties all go together like a big family. everything related to everything else. So far you followed that, no problem.
If you are trying to find this type of answer here..... I have one news for you.. good luck.

Now the start winding has higher inductive reactance if you well and the run winding is less. There is also the other animal, called voltage. Coil having magnetic force, the field also has voltage. And this voltage is ahead of the current. Strange but true. So when you send current to the coil, a voltage develops there before current. It is ahead of it.
Oh why does the start winding have higher induction and therefore of course more reactance is because it has more wound of wires and thinner. If you look at 220V motor compare to 120V motor, you will see the higher voltage motor has more winding, and thinner too. The bottom line is more of it. Many ways to play but once you know the game of existence ( or the play of existence), you will get it. Is it amazing? You better believe it.
Nobody owns knowledge. Nobody. Language is used to own it. And it can be deceptive. They may not know shit and how would know they are not just show-offs. That is entirely on your shoulder. If you accept something you don't get, you are part of the circus.

This voltage is greater and develops faster in the start winding than the running winding. It is ahead of it just enough. The magnetic field there in that start winding is just slightly ahead of the run winding, although current goes to both of course. That little difference is what causes the rotor to go towards wherever it sees the cookie first for lack of better words.
So that is what gets the rotor to turn but the direction as to which way has nothing to do with the actual turning of the rotor.

Now which direction depends on the polarity of the starting coil and the polarity of the run coil. What polarity we are talking about? For crying out loud it is AC. But watch.
There is clearly and obviously polarity in AC. The kind of polarity that constantly changes depending on the direction of the current. Like 60 times a second. Actually, make that 120 times. Two times each cycle.
Most people say you reverse the start winding to make the rotor turn the other way.
Actually, that is blatantly false if you watch very closely.
We have two windings, one run, and one start.
Both run and start winding being hooked up to power in the same way in terms of black and so-called neutral wire white, it will turn one way. Now if you change both coils and flip the wires on both, they will turn again in exactly the same way.
Now if you change just one, either one, being RUN, or START winding the rotor will turn the other way.
It is the left-hand rule thing. There you have it. The right-hand rule is for the generator by the way. Keep it straight in your mind. If you don't get something the worse is to pretend and shake your head that you got it. You will stay in the dark and it will show sooner or later by the very life you live.
People who are for real will give you a real answer.
Phony arrogant show off will give you the runaround and they also have their own kind of show company too.
It is the same bullying game in the name of knowledge.... more like bullying with manipulating words and with the few lingoes they have memorized. They will give one-liners and a bunch of empty stinky criticism since they have no substance to offer. Don't fall victim and if you do you are part of it.

 

Hello i do not get your meaning here. In an AC circuit, the current has no polarity, so how can the capacitor have a orientation relative to the winding? If it's in front of the winding in this half of the cycle, then it's behind the winding in that half. How does the winding "know" which is the hot side and which is the neutral side?

@Alchemy One You need to study AC theory as it applies to current-voltage relationship in L/C circuits regarding phase angle control etc.
Max.

 

Current has a instantaneous polarity in a AC circuit. Phase shift is a time based reference at an instant of time. The phase shift creates a poly-(two)phase power circuit with it's rotating magnetic field to start the motor turning.
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-10/polyphase-motor-design/

 

Fun little rules learned in EE:

1. The voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously,
2. The current through an inductor can't change instantaneously.
3. Eli the Ice man. Google it.

Split-Phase confuses everybody. A house in the US has 240/120 60 Hz"single phase power". In the details, it's really called "split phase"

A single phase high voltage, e.g. 9600 VAC 60Hz feeds the primary of a center tapped secondary. The center tapof the secondary is connected to ground.

It also means that to help in the analysis we can use +120 VAC and -120VAC. It's really 120 VAC at a phase angle of zero and 120 VAC at a phase angle of 180 degrees. The neutral carries the difference current of the two legs L1 and L2. If the 120 legs are symetrically loaded, the neutral sees 0 current.

 

Split-Phase confuses actually very few. There are a few vocal posters around the net who try to confuse the subject for, IMO, their own strange enjoyment.

 

People who are for real will give you a real answer.
Phony arrogant show off will give you the runaround and they also have their own kind of show company too.
It is the same bullying game in the name of knowledge.... more like bullying with manipulating words and with the few lingoes they have memorized. They will give one-liners and a bunch of empty stinky criticism since they have no substance to offer. Don't fall victim and if you do you are part of it.

It's for sure you didn't learn a thing in all of this. And now your trying to be a guru to someone else. Your statement of, "Don't fall victim and if you do you are part of it.", is something that people asking you for information on this should well take.

 

Current has a instantaneous polarity in a AC circuit. Phase shift is a time based reference at an instant of time.

well i think i see what's up here. The start winding current does have a static polarity relative to the run winding current, so if you reverse the current in the start winding then the capacitive phase shift relative to the run winding is reversed also. The field rotates in the opposite direction.