Analyzing opamp circuit ?

Thread Starter

mishra87

Joined Jan 17, 2016
1,034
upload_2019-8-10_13-41-56.png

Hi Guys,
Could anybody explain me, how to analyze the above circuit.
What is out put of this circuit ?
I expect theoretical calculation and explanation ?

Regards,
 

danadak

Joined Mar 10, 2018
4,057
Some questions you can ask yourself -

1) What happens to V1 sinewave at the OpAmp input, eg. how does D1
affect the signal presented to OpAmp input ?

2) An OpAmp configured with 100% feedback does what to a signal ?

3) What has to happen at OpAmp output for Vo to increase ?

Just some clues....


Regards, Dana.
 

Thread Starter

mishra87

Joined Jan 17, 2016
1,034
Some questions you can ask yourself -

1) What happens to V1 sinewave at the OpAmp input, eg. how does D1
affect the signal presented to OpAmp input ?

2) An OpAmp configured with 100% feedback does what to a signal ?

3) What has to happen at OpAmp output for Vo to increase ?

Just some clues....


Regards, Dana.
i assume diode D1 will conduct for negative half cycle so voltage at + terminal of opamp will be -1.5V peak.
Since this circuit is voltage follower, the diode D2 will not conduct due to negative anode voltage and hence i assume there will be no output voltage appear at output ?

so output voltage will be zero as per my understanding ?
 

MrAl

Joined Jun 17, 2014
11,389
View attachment 183592

Hi Guys,
Could anybody explain me, how to analyze the above circuit.
What is out put of this circuit ?
I expect theoretical calculation and explanation ?

Regards,
Apparently this is not homework so i can tell you.

When the input goes negative the cap charges up to nearly the input voltage level with negative to the left and positive to the right assuming the input voltage is reasonable. Now when the input goes positive, the input to the op amp sees about 2 times the input voltage because the previous cap voltage adds to the input voltage. The op amp is set up as a voltage follower, so the output goes up to about 2 times the input voltage. This view ignores the diode voltage drops. If you want to include those, then subtract as needed.

There is not much to the equations to do this circuit. Just subtracting voltage drops. That is unless you want to use actual diode models similar to what we find in spice then it gets more complicated.
 

Thread Starter

mishra87

Joined Jan 17, 2016
1,034
Apparently this is not homework so i can tell you.

When the input goes negative the cap charges up to nearly the input voltage level with negative to the left and positive to the right assuming the input voltage is reasonable. Now when the input goes positive, the input to the op amp sees about 2 times the input voltage because the previous cap voltage adds to the input voltage. The op amp is set up as a voltage follower, so the output goes up to about 2 times the input voltage. This view ignores the diode voltage drops. If you want to include those, then subtract as needed.

There is not much to the equations to do this circuit. Just subtracting voltage drops. That is unless you want to use actual diode models similar to what we find in spice then it gets more complicated.
Thanks thats probably interpretation of circuit ?
 

MrAl

Joined Jun 17, 2014
11,389
View attachment 183594

what is Vo of this circuit.
When D3 will go in breakdown ?
How do i calculate Vo ?
Hi,

Do you know the gain of an inverting op amp circuit?
If so you know that it is G=-R7/R6 ignoring the diode for now.
Since the input is always positive, the output is always negative. That means the diode never conducts therefore the output is -10 volts.
If we had a negative input it would be a little more complicated because we would have to figure in the diode. With an ideal diode the gain would drop once the diode conducts to about one half of 10 which is about 5 (ignoring the voltage drop of the diode that is). But since the input is always positive the output is always negative.
 

Thread Starter

mishra87

Joined Jan 17, 2016
1,034
Hi,

Do you know the gain of an inverting op amp circuit?
If so you know that it is G=-R7/R6 ignoring the diode for now.
Since the input is always positive, the output is always negative. That means the diode never conducts therefore the output is -10 volts.
If we had a negative input it would be a little more complicated because we would have to figure in the diode. With an ideal diode the gain would drop once the diode conducts to about one half of 10 which is about 5 (ignoring the voltage drop of the diode that is). But since the input is always positive the output is always negative.
Yes your logic is correct but probably that is not correct answer.
it could be 6.6V but i do not know why ?
 

MrAl

Joined Jun 17, 2014
11,389
Yes your logic is correct but probably that is not correct answer.
it could be 6.6V but i do not know why ?
Well let me know when you know why :)

Seriously though if you only have 1v positive input then the output must be -10v because it inverts and gain of 10.
The only way it could be 6.6v is if the input signal was negative by enough and the power supply was limited to maybe around 6.6 volts. with ideal op amp the power supply would be 6.6v and then it would clip at 6.6v. With only -1v input though i dont think you can get that but i will do another calculation in a minute to find out for sure.

Vout=-10*Vin for inputs greater than -0.32 volts, and
Vout=1.6-5*Vin for inputs less than -0.32 volts.

If the power supply causes clipping, then we have just:
Vout=1.6-5*Vin {Vee<=Vout<=Vcc}
where Vcc is the positive supply voltage and Vee is the negative supply voltage.

So note that with just -0.1v input we get just 1.0 volts output.
With -0.2v in we get 2.0v out.
With -0.3v in we get 3.0v out.
With -0.32v in we get 3.2v out and the diode will conduct any higher than that.
Now as the diode begins to conduct with -0.33v input we would get:
Vout=1.6+5*-0.33= which equals 3.25 volts so the output would go up a little.
Now with Vin=-1 we get 6.6 volts output.

So maybe the battery polarity is just reversed.

The equation is simpler to write if we just sum the currents going into the inverting node.
 
Last edited:

Thread Starter

mishra87

Joined Jan 17, 2016
1,034
Well let me know when you know why :)

Seriously though if you only have 1v positive input then the output must be -10v because it inverts and gain of 10.
The only way it could be 6.6v is if the input signal was negative by enough and the power supply was limited to maybe around 6.6 volts. with ideal op amp the power supply would be 6.6v and then it would clip at 6.6v. With only -1v input though i dont think you can get that but i will do another calculation in a minute to find out for sure.

Ok here is the expression for the output voltage:
Vout=1.6-10*Vin

and in order to get 6.6v output you have to input -0.5v (that is minus one half of a volt).

The output can be derived as follows...

The voltage at the inverting terminal is:
vn=(Vout-Vin)*1/11+Vin+(Vout-Vd-Vin)*1/11+Vin
vp=0 (at the non inverting terminal)
so
Vout=(vp-vn)*A (with A=open loop gain)
solve that for Vout we get:
Vout=-((20*Vin-Vd)*A)/(2*A+11)
and allowing A to go to infinity we get:
Vout=Vd/2-10*Vin
and with Vd=3.2v we get:
Vout=1.6-10*Vin

and then you can calculate with any input or output voltage as long as the input is negative and enough to forward bias the zener diode.
If the power supply causes clipping, then we have just:
Vout=1.6-10*Vin {Vee<=Vout<=Vcc}
where Vcc is the positive supply voltage and Vee is the negative supply voltage.
Sorry there was correction in answer it should be -6.6V
 

BobaMosfet

Joined Jul 1, 2009
2,110
View attachment 183592

Hi Guys,
Could anybody explain me, how to analyze the above circuit.
What is out put of this circuit ?
I expect theoretical calculation and explanation ?

Regards,
Basically, this converts a sine wave to a steady output. If you have a 3Vpp input, you wind up with that voltage output (assuming the A/C signal is also powering the OpAmp) that is the same. Minus the diode drop of the output diode (about .6V), and you wind up with a slightly increasing 1.76-1.80+V due to the cap on the output and the diode clipping the waveform to keep the cap charged. The current through the output cap is exactly twice the current through the input cap, and you will find that current steadily declines while it's running, due to the caps. Since you left it unspecified, I use 47uF caps for input and output.
 

crutschow

Joined Mar 14, 2008
34,280
Since the input is always positive, the output is always negative. That means the diode never conducts therefore the output is -10 volts
What?
When the output magnitude is more that -3.2V the Zener will start to conduct and the gain will drop.
LTspice simulation below.

upload_2019-8-10_9-14-39.png
 
Last edited:

MrAl

Joined Jun 17, 2014
11,389
yes, simulation shows output is 6.6V.
but how can be proved theoretically .
Nodal analysis for one.
Or just sum the currents into the - node.
Vin/R1=-Vout/R2-(Vout+Vd)/R2
R1=1k, R2=10k
something like that.
 
Last edited:

crutschow

Joined Mar 14, 2008
34,280
yes, simulation shows output is 6.6V.
but how can be proved theoretically .
The easiest is probably to write equations for all the current into the summing node (whose sum has to be zero).
For example, the current from the output to the sum node will be the output voltage divided by R7 plus the output voltage minus the Zener voltage divided by R8.
I leave the calculation for the input current to the sum node and solving the simultaneous equation, to you.
Make sense?
 
Top