Will lavaliere mic or any mic get damaged if washed in water and soap, and will it recover if allowed to dry?

If damaged, what can be done to repair?

 

It's very unlikely that it would still work,
and if it did, the Frequency-Response would probably be very poor.
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It's very unlikely that it would still work,
and if it did, the Frequency-Response would probably be very poor.
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What can I do to prevent it from getting damaged when washed in soap and water?

 

Waterproofing a Microphone will always have a negative effect on its Frequency-Response.
There's no getting around it.

What are You trying to build ?
What type of Frequency-Response must it have ?
How big or small must it be ?
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If you want to disinfect a microphone, use 99.9% IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol).

Don't use the 70% IPA you usually find in drug stores, it has water in it which, while not inherently harmful, will prove very difficult to dry which can lead to hydrolytic damage if you apply power.

 

What can I do to prevent it from getting damaged when washed in soap and water?

Get a microphone that is intended to be used in very wet conditions. Perhaps one that is intended for on-scene reporters, since they might be expected to be in conditions which make it impossible to prevent the microphone from being drenched. Another possibility would be to find out what kind of microphones the narrators at places like Sea World use (I would imagine that at least some of them use lavs these days).

 

Condensor or dynamic microphone?
Condensor microphones rely on bias resistors in the region of 10GΩ for their preamps, so it needs very little moisture in the wrong place to stop them working. You might be luckier with a dynamic microphone.
IPA will help, then put it somewhere warm (but not too warm) and hope for the best.