How do you explain balanced feedlines?Do you think the transmitter and receiver are somehow isolated from the earth? All transmission cables have a second conductor. Look at the coax to your TV antenna: center conductor (signal) and outside sheath which is the ground return.
Or waveguides?
A signal travels on a line in the form of electromagnetic energy,whether the line is an earth return type,or not.
And,yes,there is such a thing as a single conductor transmission line,but it is only effective at VHF frequencies & above.
It is very much affected by external objects,can only bend in extremely large radii,& is of little practical use.
It is ,in fact,the "G" line shown in Fig(4) of the linked article.
As far as I can see,the connection between the operation of this real type of transmission line & the "theory" expressed in the rest of the article is quite spurious.
The "G" line would be completely ineffective for power distribution.
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