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Can anyone please help me answer these questions?
1. Why do antennas integrated on bulk CMOS substrates typically have low radiation efficiency, and what techniques can be used to improve their efficiency?
2. A 50 Ω on-chip transmission line operates at 140 GHz. Which type of loss is most significant at this frequency, and how would you modify the transmission-line cross-section to minimize it?
3. In a phased array, why is the input impedance of an element is not the same as when that element is simulated alone, and how does this difference affect the front-end amplifier driving the element?
4. An absorber demonstrates 100% absorption. Physically, where is the incident electromagnetic energy dissipated, and what experimental measurement would provide convincing evidence that the reported absorption is not merely a simulation artifact?
5. An antenna is reported to have 100% radiation efficiency. What experimental measurement would convincingly verify that the reported efficiency is not a simulation artifact?
1. Why do antennas integrated on bulk CMOS substrates typically have low radiation efficiency, and what techniques can be used to improve their efficiency?
2. A 50 Ω on-chip transmission line operates at 140 GHz. Which type of loss is most significant at this frequency, and how would you modify the transmission-line cross-section to minimize it?
3. In a phased array, why is the input impedance of an element is not the same as when that element is simulated alone, and how does this difference affect the front-end amplifier driving the element?
4. An absorber demonstrates 100% absorption. Physically, where is the incident electromagnetic energy dissipated, and what experimental measurement would provide convincing evidence that the reported absorption is not merely a simulation artifact?
5. An antenna is reported to have 100% radiation efficiency. What experimental measurement would convincingly verify that the reported efficiency is not a simulation artifact?
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