VNA calibration linked causality questions

Thread Starter

yef smith

Joined Aug 2, 2020
1,486
Hello,While working with a VNA I noticed several issues that I want to as a get your opinion about:
1.I am usung IEEE 370 CQMI metric to measure the quality of the S-parameters.
I noticed that when I measure diffential lines 10MHz to 67GHz in 10Mhz increments a 3 inch transmission line will allways have worse causality then 6 inch transmission line.Why is that?

2.
Why when we are using PNA we cant mix cable of different manufacturers?
The calibration by theory makes all cables alligh.Why exactly its not working and we get causality very low?

3.How exactly in the calibration proccess we both get good responce to short open and load and the refrence plane moved to the end of the cables?
What is the theorectical mechanism for that?

4.In TDR we have time domain which is -100ns which is much longer then the cables of the PNA in time domain.
How can we interpret the negative side of the tdr time domain?
Thanks.
 
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