I'm wondering what the red and black things are. My guess is fuses or breakers of some sort. I'm really curious.
They are all labeled with a amp rating at 250v. Anyone know what they are and maybe where I can find specs for this type of part.

 

They are fuses.
Try this for starters:
http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/littelfuse-inc/37211000411/WK4248BK-ND/245319

Yours look like Bel, available from Mouser. Note that there are different series for time delay, etc.
http://www.mouser.com/Bel/Circuit-P...eads-Through-Hole/_/N-ba8hh?P=1yy2lm0Z1yuylg1

Have fun and welcome to AAC!

 

Thank you for answering this!! Maybe I'll have a transformer that I won't short to death now

 

These are Time lag fuses (prefixed T2.5A. etc)