I have a 24V DC motor, but it does not work. I would like to find out which of the elements is most likely to be damaged and how to do it. From what I understand, the engine has a Hall sensor to set its position, but I don't know about the rest

 

You can test the Q1 transistor and diodes with a multimeter on Diode function, there is a Ptc on the left side, check this on Ohms.

 

You can test the Q1 transistor and diodes with a multimeter on Diode function, there is a Ptc on the left side, check this on Ohms.

The D4 diode gives strange results, it shows 0,013V value for both polarizations

 

D4 is across the motor for back emf protection, remove one of the motor wires to test it.
Also the two 1.5K resistors are in parallel with the diode.