I think they express sufficient caution in the Norway papers on causality. In the extremely frail and terminal, death can be triggered by the smallest upset in the immune system. Vaccines of any sort are designed to have a tailored and narrow immune response.I had several courses where the discussion turned to experimental design and method vs. causality. Looking at several experiments where the design and method seeded to be very straightforward and yet the results were attributed to causes that were misinterpreted. Looking at an aged population who is already to the point where they need assisted care and trying to link vaccination and death is highly problematic and fraught with peril.