The Arduino boards can be powered from 5 Volts USB as you see and also have an external power in connector which will accept 7 to ~12 Volts. Actually greater than 12 volts. The actual board has an on board 5 volt regulator which powers the board and makes 5 volts available as an output. So yes, you can power the board externally with 12 volts. The connector is a size K coaxial DC power plug commonly called a Barrel Size 5mm OD X 2.1mm ID. I run mine on either external DC off a wall wort or 5 volt USB power.
Get acquainted with the Arduino specifications.
Note that while 40 mA is mentioned I would not run much over 20 mA on any single D/O (Digital Output) pin. I really suggest you read and understand the specifications or I guarantee you will cook that chip.
I mentioned a few post back that if you want to drive a heavier load you use a transistor or a good choice for heavy loads are logic level MOSFETs. I also suggest for experimenting you get a small little bread board or proto board and a pile of little jumper wires if you do not already have them.
Ron
Get acquainted with the Arduino specifications.
Note that while 40 mA is mentioned I would not run much over 20 mA on any single D/O (Digital Output) pin. I really suggest you read and understand the specifications or I guarantee you will cook that chip.
I mentioned a few post back that if you want to drive a heavier load you use a transistor or a good choice for heavy loads are logic level MOSFETs. I also suggest for experimenting you get a small little bread board or proto board and a pile of little jumper wires if you do not already have them.
Ron