Hi,

What is basic calculation for transistor to work in Active and saturation region. :
Lets take BC547 transistor in calculation :

Calculation with example :
Thanks

 

What is basic calculation for transistor to work in Active and saturation region. :
Lets take BC547 transistor in calculation :

Calculation with example :

For BC547, Ib = Ic/20 for saturation mode operation.

For active mode operation, B-E junction forward biased, C-B junction reverse biased.

 

For BC547, Ib = Ic/20 for saturation mode operation.

For active mode operation, B-E junction forward biased, C-B junction reverse biased.

I did not get still why does Ib = Ic/20 ???
Hfe = 110 - 800 for bc547

Could you explain a bit more about Active region.
please consider some calculation ????

 

Hello,

We use the 1/10 to 1/20 of the collector current as base current to force the transistor in saturation.

Bertus

 

I did not get still why does Ib = Ic/20 ???
Hfe = 110 - 800 for bc547

The datasheet assumes beta=20 for saturation mode:



The 110-800 value is for VCE=5V and Ic=2mA. When you're operating in saturation mode, VCE is going to be 0.6V max.

Could you explain a bit more about Active region.
please consider some calculation ????

You just bias the transistor so that the junctions are biased as I indicated.

 

Examples :

Vcc = 5V
Vled = 1.6V
Vce(sat) = .25V
Ic= 20mA
hfe= 100
Vb = 3.3V

In saturation : Rc = (5-1.6-0.25)/20mA = 157.5 ohm
so ib= (20/100 ) = 200uA , lets say ib>200uA
Rb= (3.3-0.7)/200uA = 13K

Hope above calculation is correct for saturation region

Now : what is active region and how to do calculation for it.

 

As a novice , detailed explanation needed.

thanks

 

The active region is when the transistor is used as an AC or DC amplifier.
In this active region, where the collector-emitter voltage is more than a volt, the collector current equals the base current times the transistor current gain (β or Hfe from the data sheet, which can vary significantly from unit to unit).

The saturation region is when the transistor is used as an on-off switch.
In this saturation region, the base current is increased to 5-10% (forced Beta of 10 to 20) of the maximum collector current, so that the transistor is fully saturated, with a minimum collector-emitter voltage (turned completely on as a switch).
The other state is with no base current. where the transistor does not conduct (turned completely off as a switch).

Make sense?

 

Hello,

Have a look at the attached PDF on the pages 2-15 and on.

Bertus

 

The approach to the separation of the active and saturated modes of the transistor may be different. As a criterion can be output resistance. Or the degree of saturation.
I showed an example.

 

Hi,

What is basic calculation for transistor to work in Active and saturation region. :
Lets take BC547 transistor in calculation :

Calculation with example :
Thanks

\
You can conclude the operation of a transistor if it is saturated or not by doing actual measurement. Monitor the collector-emitter voltage of your circuit with a DMM. If the reading is below 0.3V, the transistor is at saturation. Transistors are having saturation voltage range from 0.7V and below but for a circuit designed for hard saturation, the VCE will be lower. Figure below is the setup on how to measure the collector-emitter voltage of a transistor in circuit. Read More

 

Examples :

Vcc = 5V
Vled = 1.6V
Vce(sat) = .25V
Ic= 20mA
hfe= 100
Vb = 3.3V

In saturation : Rc = (5-1.6-0.25)/20mA = 157.5 ohm
so ib= (20/100 ) = 200uA , lets say ib>200uA
Rb= (3.3-0.7)/200uA = 13K

Hope above calculation is correct for saturation region

Your calculations aren't correct. Try building the circuit to see if it works.

As I mentioned earlier, the datasheet indicates a beta of 20 for saturation mode. That changes the required base current.

\( \small I_B = I_C/20 = 1mA
R_B = \frac{3.3V-0.7V}{1mA} = 2600\Omega \)

 

Examples :

Vcc = 5V
Vled = 1.6V
Vce(sat) = .25V
Ic= 20mA
hfe= 100
Vb = 3.3V

In saturation : Rc = (5-1.6-0.25)/20mA = 157.5 ohm
so ib= (20/100 ) = 200uA , lets say ib>200uA
Rb= (3.3-0.7)/200uA = 13K

Hope above calculation is correct for saturation region

Now : what is active region and how to do calculation for it.

This is meaningless without the circuit it applies to. Don't make us guess -- engineering is not about guessing.

 

This is meaningless without the circuit it applies to. Don't make us guess -- engineering is not about guessing.

Hey WBahn,

I am not guessing anything.
I have done calculation for a practical circuit and then i was asking my doubts through forum.
I hope analog people can understand my intentions.

Regards,

 

The active region is when the transistor is used as an AC or DC amplifier.
In this active region, where the collector-emitter voltage is more than a volt, the collector current equals the base current times the transistor current gain (β or Hfe from the data sheet, which can vary significantly from unit to unit).

The saturation region is when the transistor is used as an on-off switch.
In this saturation region, the base current is increased to 5-10% (forced Beta of 10 to 20) of the maximum collector current, so that the transistor is fully saturated, with a minimum collector-emitter voltage (turned completely on as a switch).
The other state is with no base current. where the transistor does not conduct (turned completely off as a switch).

Make sense?

Thanks !!!
Much valuable reply.

 

\
You can conclude the operation of a transistor if it is saturated or not by doing actual measurement. Monitor the collector-emitter voltage of your circuit with a DMM. If the reading is below 0.3V, the transistor is at saturation. Transistors are having saturation voltage range from 0.7V and below but for a circuit designed for hard saturation, the VCE will be lower. Figure below is the setup on how to measure the collector-emitter voltage of a transistor in circuit. Read More

Marketed well to your website. !!!

 

Now : what is active region and how to do calculation for it.

Here's an example from The Art Of Electronics, 3rd edition:


Though I'm hesitant to trust it because of this:

The datasheet for 2N3904 uses the more typical beta of 10:

 

Hey WBahn,

I am not guessing anything.
I have done calculation for a practical circuit and then i was asking my doubts through forum.
I hope analog people can understand my intentions.

Regards,

You aren't guessing because you know what the schematic is for the circuit you are talking about.

You are forcing US to guess because you won't share schematic with us. So we don't know whether you have a base resistor, or an emitter resistor, or a collector resistor, or what the emitter supply voltage is. We have to guess at all of that stuff. Why do you want to force the people that you are trying to get to help you to guess at what the circuit is that you are working with?

 

Further to discussion ..please find attched schematic and Vce waveform...

Why transistor not in saturation....vce is around 1.85 V

 

waiting someone to respond ???

Thanks