Protecting output of OpAmp for a Zapper circuit

Thread Starter

Trailer

Joined Jan 22, 2023
57
To answer the original question -

The LM741 is rated for continuous operation into a short circuit. As above, the typical short circuit current is around 25 mA. For output currents greater than this, the internal protection will kick in and decrease the output voltage.

If you really want 200 mA, there are relatively simple discrete circuits that will do this.

Separate from that, do you need an output waveform that is symmetrical about GND? That is, an output that swings from a positive voltage to a negative voltage wrt GND? If not, and a unipolar output would work, such as an output that goes from 0 V to 30 V (instead of -15 V to +15 V), there are simple non-opamp circuits for that.

ak
Well.. its still experimental as i replied to dl324, the 200mA is a guess. Will we need more or less? We need to test and see the effectiveness only then we'll know.
As for the waveform, a unipolar 0-30V or higher is fine (input is already unipolar 0-10V). Any idea is appreciated
 

Thread Starter

Trailer

Joined Jan 22, 2023
57
With your +16V and -16V supply, a 741 opamp cannot produce an output of +30V.
It can produce a maximum output of about +15V with no load or about +14V with a 1.4mA load or about +7V with a 25mA load.

Its maximum total supply is 36V then if you have no load current and use a +32V supply and a -3V negative supply then its maximum output can be 0V to +30V, but it will burn out if its output is shorted to 0V.
Burning out is out of question.. that was my first concern. I already have the circuit working at the desired voltage. Only short protection while maintaining the voltage is required
 

LowQCab

Joined Nov 6, 2012
4,075
You have to have a complete Circuit before any Current will flow,
the Legs of Bugs do not Conduct Electricity very well, if at all,
so a Bug crossing your grid, or screen, or what ever it may be,
is not going to send any Current through any Bug.

Only when the Voltage across the grid is high enough to
almost "Ionize" the Air between the grid Conductors,
will a Bug's Legs make any difference at all, ( Bugs are naturally coated with Wax ),.
This will easily take over ~1000-Volts to accomplish, but at a very tiny amount of Current.

It is physically impossible to maintain 9-Volts, ( or any Voltage for that matter ),
under "Direct-Short" conditions.
That would send the Current in the Circuit to the Moon.
.
.
.
 

AnalogKid

Joined Aug 1, 2013
11,055
Yes.. full voltage required under short conditions.
That is not how a short circuit works. By (Ohm's) Law, it takes infinite amps to produce a voltage across 0 ohms.

A voltage driver circuit with current limiting will produce full voltage up to the current limit setting. If you attempt to draw currents above that setting, the output current will remain constant at the set value as the output voltage decreases according to Ohm's Law.

For example, if you have a 30 V output with current limiting set at 200 mA, the output will remain at 30 V for all resistances of 150 ohms or more. If the output voltage sags down to 7 V, then the resistance of (whatever) between the grid wires must be 35 ohms.

ak
 

Thread Starter

Trailer

Joined Jan 22, 2023
57
You have to have a complete Circuit before any Current will flow,
the Legs of Bugs do not Conduct Electricity very well, if at all,
so a Bug crossing your grid, or screen, or what ever it may be,
is not going to send any Current through any Bug.

Only when the Voltage across the grid is high enough to
almost "Ionize" the Air between the grid Conductors,
will a Bug's Legs make any difference at all, ( Bugs are naturally coated with Wax ),.
This will easily take over ~1000-Volts to accomplish, but at a very tiny amount of Current.

It is physically impossible to maintain 9-Volts, ( or any Voltage for that matter ),
under "Direct-Short" conditions.
That would send the Current in the Circuit to the Moon.
.
.
.
They already have an apparatus doing the same but with no control on voltage, frequency or durations, it's a fixed preset. That's why they asked me to build this one for their research works.
 

AnalogKid

Joined Aug 1, 2013
11,055
Note that there is a second current-limiting option - foldback. Foldback current limiting is essentially an electronic circuit breaker. When the output current exceeds the trip value, the circuit either greatly reduces the power source output voltage, or disconnects the source completely. The usual way to reset this type of circuit is to remove and re-apply the input power.

This probably is not what you want, but here it is for completeness.

ak
 

Thread Starter

Trailer

Joined Jan 22, 2023
57
Hello everybody and thank you for all your valuable inputs.
Please note that today I took the circuit (as is) for a test run at the lab and it worked great and gave amazing results with no problems whatsoever.
I'll fine tune the final design and post it later.
Thank you all again.
 
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