I am going to explain to you how particles bond. And how atoms form. Then how neutrons are formed, their purpose and how without neutrons, ...valence, and therefore ions, could not exist. And to show that without neutrons, nothing but hydrogen could exist.
There will be no math, no quantum mechanics and no general relativity. Quack quack.
Get yourself a funnel. A funnel has two rims. Place a property sized o-ring on the OUTSIDE of both rims. Place the funnel sideways.....so it lays east and west with small o-ring on left (west) side. Both o-rings are vertical and parallel to each other, separated by the body of the funnel.
The small o-ring is a proton and the large o-ring is an electron. Science calls this structure hydrogen. It is NOT. This structure is properly called a dipole. When two dipoles come together.......then it is hydrogen. A single dipole is not stable.....and should not be defined as an atom. My icon is the smallest atom......it is H2.
The body of the funnel represents the common interior magnetic field of the bond. This field goes thru the interiors and then wraps back over both rims externally to make a circular exterior magnetic field. This shouldn't be to hard to follow and understand. The question you should be asking is......why is there a separation between the charges? Positive and negative attract.......why don't the charges merge? If we charge two pith balls.......they will attract....touch and neutralize.....what keeps the charges separated in this dipole structure?
Electric field density is what separates charges. IF the charge density is EQUAL......the charges will meet and touch....then the charges will disintegrate (unroll or unwrap) each other releasing EM energy. Both charges are gone forever.
But wait a minute..........the charges are +e and - e..............................aren't they equal? wouldn't they have the same density?
No they don't. +e and -e means they have the same NUMBER of electric field lines. ALL charges, no matter when or where....has the same constant number of ELECTRIC field lines. If I take that field flux.......and pass it thru a 1 square foot area, I will get a certain density. IF I take that same flux...and put it thru a 1 square inch area...........the density (force) is much greater.
If both o-rings have the same number of electric field lines....which of the rings has the densest field? (the smaller the ring...the denser the electric field) When isolated charges are attracted to each other (not in a star, where external acceleration is predominate), the first thing that happens is that the magnetic dipoles of the charges line up. When they get close enough so that the magnetic lines start to share, the common mag lines act like an axle that the charges can slide towards each other on. The common mag lines are also attractive to some extent. It's more of a common direction, than attraction.
Now the electric field density is a component of inertia, which is a component of mass, which is a component of weight.
The proton (small o-ring) is much heavier than the electron (large o-ring). Therefore the electron does the moving. The electron's field density will move towards the proton field density, until the electron density matches the proton density. Once the densities are equal.....the attractive force is nulled, and movement stops. As a matter of fact.......if you push the electron closer to the proton.....it will be repelled. This is how dipole oscillation begins. The electron moves in towards the proton....overshoots a little (gets too close) and is repelled....moves a little out from the proton, and then gets sucked or attracted back in. And of course by then....the common mag field has the charges enclosed. So the large o-ring is moving back and forth a very short distance, in and out, from the proton at that null point area. It's not moving up and down the funnel. It's just jiggling at the large rim area. The jiggling frequency is very high.
Now the small rim is heavy and stationary, but it can rotate in any direction. The large rim is jiggling and light weight. Also......the electron field has a larger area than the proton field. It's asymmetrical. Due to external fields.......the large rim is rotating around the small rim, very quickly. The whole dipole structure is rotating quickly.....all around...but centered on the proton.
In our early science experiments......this led science to believe that electrons orbit protons. THEY DO NOT.
It doesn't take much external force to break a dipole. Just some heat can do it. Or a close vicinity to a larger atom can do it.
This is because of the strength of the bond. The electric field sets the distance. Once this distance (electric density) is set, the electric attractive field is null. The true physical bond is the mag field. Therefore, the weakest part of the bond is where the mag field is the weakest.
A dipole has two charges but only one magnetic dipole. The magnetic dipole of a electric dipole, is unlike any magnetic dipole you have ever seen. This is because the magnetic poles of the electric dipole.......has different areas.....and therefore different densities (and therefore different powers). It's like having all of earth's mag lines coming out at the south pole in a 1 square cm area and all the mag lines returning to the north pole in a 100 square meter area. The most less dense area of the mag dipole is the interior area of the electron. This is where it spreads out the most.
If isolated charges aren't under heavy acceleration, dipoles will form automatically. Dipoles will automatically bond with other dipoles and form H2. This is due to magnetic and asymmetric electric attraction.
But three or more dipoles can not bond. Why? Because of Magnetic field density. Have a look at my icon. That common center line represents the common atomic magnetic field. This is what holds an atom together. Modern science calls this the "nuclear" force. An internal magnetic dipole is what holds an atom together. It flows like a tube thru the interior of the charges. Notice how wide the flux gets as it goes thru the electron. That's the weak point or Achilles Heel of the atomic or nuclear structure.
Once that H2 has formed......to add another dipole.....you have to break the 2 dipole bond. Once you break that bond those 2 dipoles are gone. Because of the asymmetry of a single dipole. IF we take 3 dipoles and put them together at the same time.....they will not bond (they will try)......because of the distance and spread of the mag flux thru the electron. The common magnetic atomic dipole is not strong enough to fill the electron interior area with enough strength for a secure bond.
What we need, is a way to have the atomic flux......pass thru the electron.....without expanding (or losing it's density).
Let's go back and look at that funnel. Remember I told you that if the electron tried to move closer to the proton, that it would be repelled, because of field density.
If we increase the electric field density of the electron......we can move it closer to the proton. OR,,I said OR...If we decrease the electric density of the proton, we can move the electron closer. Even though the proton is increasing in size, the electron will continue to do the moving, because of weight (mass).
Listen closely.........IF I roll or fold the large o-ring down the funnel, towards the small o-ring...AND IF the large o-ring shrinks in diameter as I roll...... The electric density of the large o-ring (electron) will increase because of reduce area. This allows the electron to move closer to the proton. If I can not decrease the size of the large o-ring...I can not move it closer.
If we hit (induce) any particle (whether bonded or not) with the proper polarity of flux (either electric or magnetic) AND the proper magnitude...AND proper direction (angle), AND the proper RATE (velocity or frequency) .......we can change the o-ring size.
This sounds like a complicated process......it usually takes nature a star to do it. We could do it very easily with a frequency generator. With a generator......we can expand small o-rings to big sizes (now the proton is called a positron). Or we can contract large o-rings into small o-rings (now the electron is called an anti proton). In between...the electron is called a muon.
We can not slide the o-rings anywhere on the funnel that we want. There are only certain areas or diameters that o-rings are stable.
Now.....if we smack a large o-ring towards the small o-ring......but just shy of hitting it hard enough to be the same size as the small o-ring......the large o-ring will slide down the funnel, and slide up on top of and co-planar to, the small o-ring.
This is a neutron. This can happen because there is no net field in the interior of a charge ring. Another ring (with some coaching) can slip right in there. The electric fields of a neutron are null. BUT LOOK at the mag field. A neutron is a chargeless magnetic dipole. It has the mag flux and momentum of a dipole a one particle plane. This allows odd multiples of protons to keep force symmetry in a ring structure. That is force multiples of 2. For symmetry.
Now look at my icon again. Now place a neutron inside each electron. They will be just a tiny bit larger than the protons. With the neutrons.....we have defeated the Achilles Heel. With the added neutrons......we now have a helium atom. The atomic flux is dense thru out the structure. Look at what happens when we expel an electron.........the atomic flux is preserved with the neutron and now we have an ion. Can't do that with H2. Valence is the result of a naked neutron. This is how electrons are added and subtracted from an atomic nucleus without breaking the nucleus. A neutron is a landing pad for an electron.
Let's look at lithium. It has 3 protons, 3 electrons....and 4 neutrons. That 4th neutron is naked and would love to have an electron.
If atoms have naked neutrons on the outer nuclear shells......they can steal electrons. If atoms have fully clothed neutrons on it's outer nuclear shells.....it can source or supply electrons.
Nuclear shells come in 2,4,6 8 and 10 proton configurations. Neutrons have 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, etc configurations. Look at the heavies.......many more neutrons. The nuclear shells have a plate like structure. Because the structure is a ring of particles. An oxygen atom is two, 4 proton plates. The two plates are bonded together with supplemental magnetic bonding fields thru the electrons of the shells and the charge pattern of the ring. A nitrogen atom is a helium atom...with a 4 proton plate on top and a 4 proton plate on the bottom. Also...a small plate can reside inside a larger plate. These plates fit together like locks and keys.
Atoms are not spherical. And there is no such thing as randomness or probability. Randomness and probability are for people who don't understand what there talking about.
My original icon actually has a bow tie over-all shape. It twirls easily. If my icon comes close to an isolated Oxy atom (or many other types of atoms).....two naked neutrons on the Oxy atom, will offer the electrons in my icon a lower energy, and more stable environment. This will place two positive charges on one side of the Oxy atom. The Oxy neutron will also re-enforce the flux of my icon (H2). When the H2 electrons slip over the Oxy naked neutrons....the atomic flux of the Oxy is now common with the atomic flux of the H2 thru the previously naked neutrons. The angular momentums of the fluxes will come to agreement. This strong bond will polarize the Oxy. It has been hydrated. The bow tie shape is changed with the bonding and can takes different patterns with different atoms and energy levels.
And of course, hydrated Oxy is water.
Before this bond happened....the energy level of the electron of the H2 atom was higher than the energy level of the electrons on the Oxy neutrons. This means the electron of the H2 is smaller than the electron on the Oxy neutron. In order for the H2 electron to land on the naked Oxy neutron....the electric field density of the H2 electron must go down. That means the H2 electron size must increase. To increase the size of a particle, the fields of the charge and the charge itself, must momentarily break. This is to shed energy for ring expansion and achieve a change in angular momentum. This is called emission. This is where the excess angular momentum, is cut and transferred to linear momentum of an EM field. This momentary breakage and size change is what allows the H2 electron to envelope the Oxy atomic flux.........and form the common bond with both the H2 atomic flux and the Oxy atomic flux. To break the bond........just add energy to the electron. We will have separate H2 and Oxy atoms again. We usually do this with current.
But with the proper frequency we can do it very easily. A quick jolt of the proper F will do it.
Look at my icon again. If we hit those electrons with the right jolt.......those electrons will compress and slide into the protons at the same size. We will get very powerful em waves (gamma) and some neutrinos. This is pure clean energy. How many H2 atoms do we have on inventory? How many H2 refueling stations are there, in the universe?
Forget fission and fusion. Inverted (antimatter) energy is the only way to go. All we need is a gamma wave rectifier. Or a gamma wave EM drive.
I know this is complicated and foreign for most. For those who are serious....point out where I lost you.....and I will try to clarify.
There will be no math, no quantum mechanics and no general relativity. Quack quack.
Get yourself a funnel. A funnel has two rims. Place a property sized o-ring on the OUTSIDE of both rims. Place the funnel sideways.....so it lays east and west with small o-ring on left (west) side. Both o-rings are vertical and parallel to each other, separated by the body of the funnel.
The small o-ring is a proton and the large o-ring is an electron. Science calls this structure hydrogen. It is NOT. This structure is properly called a dipole. When two dipoles come together.......then it is hydrogen. A single dipole is not stable.....and should not be defined as an atom. My icon is the smallest atom......it is H2.
The body of the funnel represents the common interior magnetic field of the bond. This field goes thru the interiors and then wraps back over both rims externally to make a circular exterior magnetic field. This shouldn't be to hard to follow and understand. The question you should be asking is......why is there a separation between the charges? Positive and negative attract.......why don't the charges merge? If we charge two pith balls.......they will attract....touch and neutralize.....what keeps the charges separated in this dipole structure?
Electric field density is what separates charges. IF the charge density is EQUAL......the charges will meet and touch....then the charges will disintegrate (unroll or unwrap) each other releasing EM energy. Both charges are gone forever.
But wait a minute..........the charges are +e and - e..............................aren't they equal? wouldn't they have the same density?
No they don't. +e and -e means they have the same NUMBER of electric field lines. ALL charges, no matter when or where....has the same constant number of ELECTRIC field lines. If I take that field flux.......and pass it thru a 1 square foot area, I will get a certain density. IF I take that same flux...and put it thru a 1 square inch area...........the density (force) is much greater.
If both o-rings have the same number of electric field lines....which of the rings has the densest field? (the smaller the ring...the denser the electric field) When isolated charges are attracted to each other (not in a star, where external acceleration is predominate), the first thing that happens is that the magnetic dipoles of the charges line up. When they get close enough so that the magnetic lines start to share, the common mag lines act like an axle that the charges can slide towards each other on. The common mag lines are also attractive to some extent. It's more of a common direction, than attraction.
Now the electric field density is a component of inertia, which is a component of mass, which is a component of weight.
The proton (small o-ring) is much heavier than the electron (large o-ring). Therefore the electron does the moving. The electron's field density will move towards the proton field density, until the electron density matches the proton density. Once the densities are equal.....the attractive force is nulled, and movement stops. As a matter of fact.......if you push the electron closer to the proton.....it will be repelled. This is how dipole oscillation begins. The electron moves in towards the proton....overshoots a little (gets too close) and is repelled....moves a little out from the proton, and then gets sucked or attracted back in. And of course by then....the common mag field has the charges enclosed. So the large o-ring is moving back and forth a very short distance, in and out, from the proton at that null point area. It's not moving up and down the funnel. It's just jiggling at the large rim area. The jiggling frequency is very high.
Now the small rim is heavy and stationary, but it can rotate in any direction. The large rim is jiggling and light weight. Also......the electron field has a larger area than the proton field. It's asymmetrical. Due to external fields.......the large rim is rotating around the small rim, very quickly. The whole dipole structure is rotating quickly.....all around...but centered on the proton.
In our early science experiments......this led science to believe that electrons orbit protons. THEY DO NOT.
It doesn't take much external force to break a dipole. Just some heat can do it. Or a close vicinity to a larger atom can do it.
This is because of the strength of the bond. The electric field sets the distance. Once this distance (electric density) is set, the electric attractive field is null. The true physical bond is the mag field. Therefore, the weakest part of the bond is where the mag field is the weakest.
A dipole has two charges but only one magnetic dipole. The magnetic dipole of a electric dipole, is unlike any magnetic dipole you have ever seen. This is because the magnetic poles of the electric dipole.......has different areas.....and therefore different densities (and therefore different powers). It's like having all of earth's mag lines coming out at the south pole in a 1 square cm area and all the mag lines returning to the north pole in a 100 square meter area. The most less dense area of the mag dipole is the interior area of the electron. This is where it spreads out the most.
If isolated charges aren't under heavy acceleration, dipoles will form automatically. Dipoles will automatically bond with other dipoles and form H2. This is due to magnetic and asymmetric electric attraction.
But three or more dipoles can not bond. Why? Because of Magnetic field density. Have a look at my icon. That common center line represents the common atomic magnetic field. This is what holds an atom together. Modern science calls this the "nuclear" force. An internal magnetic dipole is what holds an atom together. It flows like a tube thru the interior of the charges. Notice how wide the flux gets as it goes thru the electron. That's the weak point or Achilles Heel of the atomic or nuclear structure.
Once that H2 has formed......to add another dipole.....you have to break the 2 dipole bond. Once you break that bond those 2 dipoles are gone. Because of the asymmetry of a single dipole. IF we take 3 dipoles and put them together at the same time.....they will not bond (they will try)......because of the distance and spread of the mag flux thru the electron. The common magnetic atomic dipole is not strong enough to fill the electron interior area with enough strength for a secure bond.
What we need, is a way to have the atomic flux......pass thru the electron.....without expanding (or losing it's density).
Let's go back and look at that funnel. Remember I told you that if the electron tried to move closer to the proton, that it would be repelled, because of field density.
If we increase the electric field density of the electron......we can move it closer to the proton. OR,,I said OR...If we decrease the electric density of the proton, we can move the electron closer. Even though the proton is increasing in size, the electron will continue to do the moving, because of weight (mass).
Listen closely.........IF I roll or fold the large o-ring down the funnel, towards the small o-ring...AND IF the large o-ring shrinks in diameter as I roll...... The electric density of the large o-ring (electron) will increase because of reduce area. This allows the electron to move closer to the proton. If I can not decrease the size of the large o-ring...I can not move it closer.
If we hit (induce) any particle (whether bonded or not) with the proper polarity of flux (either electric or magnetic) AND the proper magnitude...AND proper direction (angle), AND the proper RATE (velocity or frequency) .......we can change the o-ring size.
This sounds like a complicated process......it usually takes nature a star to do it. We could do it very easily with a frequency generator. With a generator......we can expand small o-rings to big sizes (now the proton is called a positron). Or we can contract large o-rings into small o-rings (now the electron is called an anti proton). In between...the electron is called a muon.
We can not slide the o-rings anywhere on the funnel that we want. There are only certain areas or diameters that o-rings are stable.
Now.....if we smack a large o-ring towards the small o-ring......but just shy of hitting it hard enough to be the same size as the small o-ring......the large o-ring will slide down the funnel, and slide up on top of and co-planar to, the small o-ring.
This is a neutron. This can happen because there is no net field in the interior of a charge ring. Another ring (with some coaching) can slip right in there. The electric fields of a neutron are null. BUT LOOK at the mag field. A neutron is a chargeless magnetic dipole. It has the mag flux and momentum of a dipole a one particle plane. This allows odd multiples of protons to keep force symmetry in a ring structure. That is force multiples of 2. For symmetry.
Now look at my icon again. Now place a neutron inside each electron. They will be just a tiny bit larger than the protons. With the neutrons.....we have defeated the Achilles Heel. With the added neutrons......we now have a helium atom. The atomic flux is dense thru out the structure. Look at what happens when we expel an electron.........the atomic flux is preserved with the neutron and now we have an ion. Can't do that with H2. Valence is the result of a naked neutron. This is how electrons are added and subtracted from an atomic nucleus without breaking the nucleus. A neutron is a landing pad for an electron.
Let's look at lithium. It has 3 protons, 3 electrons....and 4 neutrons. That 4th neutron is naked and would love to have an electron.
If atoms have naked neutrons on the outer nuclear shells......they can steal electrons. If atoms have fully clothed neutrons on it's outer nuclear shells.....it can source or supply electrons.
Nuclear shells come in 2,4,6 8 and 10 proton configurations. Neutrons have 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, etc configurations. Look at the heavies.......many more neutrons. The nuclear shells have a plate like structure. Because the structure is a ring of particles. An oxygen atom is two, 4 proton plates. The two plates are bonded together with supplemental magnetic bonding fields thru the electrons of the shells and the charge pattern of the ring. A nitrogen atom is a helium atom...with a 4 proton plate on top and a 4 proton plate on the bottom. Also...a small plate can reside inside a larger plate. These plates fit together like locks and keys.
Atoms are not spherical. And there is no such thing as randomness or probability. Randomness and probability are for people who don't understand what there talking about.
My original icon actually has a bow tie over-all shape. It twirls easily. If my icon comes close to an isolated Oxy atom (or many other types of atoms).....two naked neutrons on the Oxy atom, will offer the electrons in my icon a lower energy, and more stable environment. This will place two positive charges on one side of the Oxy atom. The Oxy neutron will also re-enforce the flux of my icon (H2). When the H2 electrons slip over the Oxy naked neutrons....the atomic flux of the Oxy is now common with the atomic flux of the H2 thru the previously naked neutrons. The angular momentums of the fluxes will come to agreement. This strong bond will polarize the Oxy. It has been hydrated. The bow tie shape is changed with the bonding and can takes different patterns with different atoms and energy levels.
And of course, hydrated Oxy is water.
Before this bond happened....the energy level of the electron of the H2 atom was higher than the energy level of the electrons on the Oxy neutrons. This means the electron of the H2 is smaller than the electron on the Oxy neutron. In order for the H2 electron to land on the naked Oxy neutron....the electric field density of the H2 electron must go down. That means the H2 electron size must increase. To increase the size of a particle, the fields of the charge and the charge itself, must momentarily break. This is to shed energy for ring expansion and achieve a change in angular momentum. This is called emission. This is where the excess angular momentum, is cut and transferred to linear momentum of an EM field. This momentary breakage and size change is what allows the H2 electron to envelope the Oxy atomic flux.........and form the common bond with both the H2 atomic flux and the Oxy atomic flux. To break the bond........just add energy to the electron. We will have separate H2 and Oxy atoms again. We usually do this with current.
But with the proper frequency we can do it very easily. A quick jolt of the proper F will do it.
Look at my icon again. If we hit those electrons with the right jolt.......those electrons will compress and slide into the protons at the same size. We will get very powerful em waves (gamma) and some neutrinos. This is pure clean energy. How many H2 atoms do we have on inventory? How many H2 refueling stations are there, in the universe?
Forget fission and fusion. Inverted (antimatter) energy is the only way to go. All we need is a gamma wave rectifier. Or a gamma wave EM drive.
I know this is complicated and foreign for most. For those who are serious....point out where I lost you.....and I will try to clarify.