I know that I can't power multiple different things at once from a single power supply, I just want to build my own with these regulators I have laying around.THIS is where the discussion needed to start.
So let's flesh this out into a reasonable set of basic specifications. THEN we can start discussing ways to design a circuit that meets them.
Let's assume that you already have black box that is an adjustable constant current power supply with a voltage limiter.
Is that REALLY going to do what you want?
It might be fine for powering some LEDs, or laser diodes, or charging batteries (at least certain kinds of batteries), as long as you don't try to do more than one of these at a time.
But that "power external peripherals" raises red flags. What kind of external peripherals are you planning to power with a constant current supply? Even if you have them, you can't power them at the same time that you are doing anything else for which you want a constant current.
So the first thing to consider is whether this thing, if built, is really going to do what you are hoping it will?
If not, then the best route is probably to decide what things it is reasonable to do with it, and take anything else off the table. The alternative is to rework your description of what you want into one that can reasonably serve all these masters. The latter will likely lead to significant complications, both in the specs and in the design. It might be better to take things off the table and plan to use a different, better-suited supply for those things.
Assuming that you still want an adjustable constant-current supply with a voltage limit, what range of currents do you want/need the current output to be adjustable over? What is the maximum output voltage that you want it to be able to output? What is the range of voltages that you want to be able to adjust the voltage limiter to?
Keep in mind that if your max current and your max voltage combine to result in a high power level, that the design gets more complicated. Quick. You might have to settle for a supply that is derated, meaning that the higher current, the less the max output voltage is at that current. Implementing this also complicates the design, unless it is done by either the user being responsible for applying the limitations, or the limitations are imposed by having the unit shut down if a temperature sensor indicates it's getting too hot.
The more power that the unit has to dissipate and/or deliver, the more attractive using a switch-mode supply becomes.
Be careful not to wish for the moon -- the more you want, the harder it's going to be to design and implement and the more it's going to cost. Be driven by an honest assessment of what you NEED, not what you would like.
I know the CC part is not helpful for powering peripherals, but it can still act as a current limit for the CV part of the supply.
I don't plan on powering high current devices to this supply, and even if I do, I'll keep the input voltage as close as possible to the output voltage since these are linear regulators.