when you put the voltmeter across the resistor,its own internal resistance has an effect on the reading, the meter is acting as a resistor in parallel and lowers the Actual voltage, so you need to use a voltmeter with the highest internal resistance to get a more accurate reading.
the actual Voltage across each resistor is 12V, so if you calculate the"effective " resistance with meter, then you use ohms law to give the volmeter readings.