One atmosphere at sea leave is 14. 7 psi. I know from diving that every 33ft increases pressure by one atmosphere. So I know the distance in water of one atmosphere what I don't know is what is the distance in air? How many feet of air does it take to create one atmosphere at sea level? Is it being measured from the top of the troposphere, stratosphere?

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_formula might help ya understand some of it

 

One atmosphere at sea leave is 14. 7 psi. I know from diving that every 33ft increases pressure by one atmosphere. So I know the distance in water of one atmosphere what I don't know is what is the distance in air? How many feet of air does it take to create one atmosphere at sea level? Is it being measured from the top of the troposphere, stratosphere?

The "atmosphere" is merely the name of a particular unit of pressure, just like meter, feet, and light-years are names of particular units of length.

It's not a specific height, it is a pressure exactly equal to 101,325 N/m² (by definition), which is approximately 14.7 psi. It doesn't matter where you are, one atmosphere of pressure is that pressure. Just like the length of a meter doesn't matter where you are.

The name of the unit comes from it being, approximately, the pressure exerted by the cumulative weight of ALL of the air above the ground at mean sea level. But this varies with a number of factors, including temperature and also latitude due to Coriolis effects (centripetal acceleration effects). The density of the air does not cut off at some magic altitude, it gets thinner and thinner as you go, but it is like an exponential decay and theoretically never goes to zero. Various distances are given for the practical limit and 60 miles is a pretty common one. Another is 100 km (which is pretty close to 60 miles). But none of these affect what it is -- atmospheric pressure is the cumulative weight of the entire atmospheric column above the point of measurement as sensed at that point.

Under "standard" conditions, the atmospheric pressure at sea level and 15°C (59°F) (and some specific humidity) is one atmosphere. Note that the two uses of the word "atmosphere" in this sentence are different and conceptually unrelated. The first describes the type of pressure being discussed and the second is merely the unit of measurement.

 

Every 10th of one atmosphere is a different length at a different height.

 

Here's a little thought question for you.
Assuming the world was perfectly flat with an atmospheric pressure of 14.7psi, and assuming that the atmosphere is about 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, what would be the depth of the atmosphere if the earth got so cold that it all condensed out as liquid air?

 

Read the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude
Many questions there is answered.

Firstly, there are permanent density changes along the height, thus the lineary approximations are helpless. Secondly, in many dislocations on the Planet the sea level ACTUAL pressure is less than 1 atm, let name the 0,99 atm. Then at this particular region You need to have an eternal thickness of atmosphere layer and bit more over it. Just Your question is incorrect.

Secondly, in the 11.th class physics class-book are given two formulas, one for altitude-pressure relationship for average pressure, other the same but for specified gas (example, hydrogen is decreasing very slowly by the height but oxygen are very fast to decrease because of the molar mass). Take those both and calculate. Its simple exponential decay formulas.