I'm trying to set up a toggle output with simply a cd4027BE, 12volt supply. I've got J and K tied to 12 volt, set and reset grounded, and the button between the clock and +12v. I'm having trouble and I think it's because I need some kind of resistors in the circuit.

 

You put your post on an expired thread. That's a good way to have it ignored.

Is your button debounced?

 

Nope. is a 555 the easiest way?

 

Here are some various debounce schemes, it doesn't need to be that complex.

 

Don't forget that the 4027 has TWO flip flops! You must have ALL unused inputs of a 4000 series CMOS IC tied to either Vdd or Vss, or your IC may oscillate unpredictably and overheat.
You can connect them directly (hard-wired), or through a resistor - but they must not be allowed to "float".