When calculating LED power consumption, how precise must one be for selecting power supply values?

SamR

Joined Mar 19, 2019
5,507
Fleabay and others sell 12V SMPSs in a wide assortment of DC amps from 5A to ~70A for 120/240VAC and dang if they are not cheap and fairly small considering. Perforated metal cases without fans for the lower amps and single to double fans for the higher ones. Usually rated by Watts, 5-1000W. I bought a 60+A 750W one not too long ago for ~$30. It stays on full-time and when I run my HF transceiver and 450W amplifier that it feeds it still has plenty of overhead. I do wish it had a built-in power switch. It does have Voltage adjust and I rolled it up to ~14.6VDC for the feed. Maxed out but the idea was to allow precise 12VDC for computer racks and not to "match" 12VDC automotive supply.
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Switching-...-Light-/202842011197?var=&hash=item2f3a53763d
 

Ian0

Joined Aug 7, 2020
13,158
LED tape data is notoriously unreliable.
Almost every 12V tape has three LEDs in series, and current is limited using a resistor.
Watts per metre figures tend to be more reliable than amps per metre (from experience), but the only sure way is to cut off a known length, connect it to a power supply and measure the current.

If you buy a 10A power supply, and if it says "10A continuous" then it must deliver 10A continuous, provided you follow the manufacturer's instructions for cooling, mounting position etc. (That's Consumer Rights Act 2015, or whatever similar piece of legislation you have in your country). The only reason to overrate your power supply is if there is any uncertainty on the amount of current your load might take - so it will still work if your load just happens to draw 10.5A. In other words, you need to know your limits of error!
If LEDs are current limited by a resistor, then the current will increase as the LEDs warm up and the LED forward voltages reduce.
 
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Tonyr1084

Joined Sep 24, 2015
9,744
Tony,
Did you mean gauge, not amps?
Not sure what you're asking. My statement was meant to reflect that a 22 gauge wire size is too small to handle 10 amps of current. Other gauge sizes were mentioned that should handle 10 amps of current. While I'm not 100% certain, there is data available on the net for wire size and current capacity one could look up.
 

MisterBill2

Joined Jan 23, 2018
27,714
The very important advantage of the series resistor system is that the voltage required is less critical If they are intended for an automotive environment then they will be able to do quite well with 13 volts and still be useful at 11 volts. And there is no reason to hack off a section of the tape just to get a current measurement for a one meter length, when you are able to count the number of LEDs and figure the number of 3-LED strings.
And for Ian and drawing 10 amps from a 10 amp supply, yes, you can do that BUT the stress on the most stressed components will be at the safe limit, and so the overall lifetime will definitely be shorter. The spec does not matter, running at max adds some risk that is cheap and easy to avoid. The one exception is short-life systems such as guided missiles, and other ordinance, where working lifetimes are in the few seconds range. Also many consumer goods where the intent is to become obsolete in six months and then fail in seven months. For most industrial production equipment that zero margin would not be accepted at all.
 

Thread Starter

Dolmetscher007

Joined Mar 21, 2019
36
I think I may have possibly, as most of you guys noticed, made some pretty massive miscalculations. However, given the popularity and widespread use of LED strips in DIY lighting projects all over the internet, I'm pretty surprised by the amount of conflicting data I've encountered. As @ScottWang pointed out, I found a table online that clearly states that each individual LED cell along a strip of SMD5630 LEDs draws 150mA. That would mean that a 5 meter long strip of 5630 LEDs which contains 300 LEDs (60 per meter x 5 meters) should draw 45,000mA, i.e. 45 amps, which... at 12V would mean that one LED strip would consume (12 x 45) 540 Watts! That simply cannot be. If you look at the data sheet for any LED strips, they all seem to pull around 40-60W of power or 3.3-5A at 12V... and that is for an entire 300 LED 5M (16.4 ft.) reel.

I have been able to find a ton of information on LED strip lights. However, almost all of the website that I've found with information on power consumption etc, are retail websites that are selling LEDs. I'm not worried about the information on those sites being wrong; I'm only concerned that it is limited. All the sites I've found give power consumption details on the strip lights THEY sell. So, for example... I cannot tell if all LED strips basically pull the same amount of current/wattage, or if it does vary depending on... some value.

SMD
I thought that the SMD-xxxx number really mattered. I know that SMD stands for "Surface Mount Device", and it seems that the four numbers that follow refer to the dimensions of the individual LEDs. So, an SMD5050 strip has surface mounted diodes that are 5.0mm x 5.00mm. and SMD5630, are 5.6mm x 3.0mm.

High Density vs. Standard Density
It seems like LEDs come in two "densities", 60 leds per Meter (High Density), or 30 leds per meter (Standard Density). The density also seems to correspond to the Voltage requirement of that particular LED strip, which seems to usually be 12V or 24V. The higher 24V LEDs seem to always come in the standard 30 leds/meter while the 12V are more densely packed onto the strips at 60/M.

Power Consumption
Both 24V SD and 12V HD strips seem to all group the LEDs into segments of three. The 24V and 12V LED strips have obviously different amperage needs. But I still cannot find any concrete reference online that lists where one 12V LED strip has different power consumption needs to any other 12V strip. Likewise for 24V. Do all LED strips of the same voltage, density, and length pull the same number of amps?
 
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