I am planning to create a wearable device, similar to a wristwatch. Are there any off-the-shelf devices or small enclosure-type kits available that we could use to get started?
There are tons of bands available to replace the stock ones on Apple watches and the like. So certainly there's no need to re-invent that portion. I can't really say I've ever seen a watch-like enclosure. You might be able to get ahold of some (cheap) failed watches and gut them. I had a Garmin for a while that pretty big. It's hard to imagine cramming any DIY project into an Apple watch package - they're pretty small.
Watches for Scuba diving are even bigger. That may be a place to find a large-ish enclosure.
OKW do a nice range of enclosures for wearables. The Seeeduino XIAO processor might be a good option if you want to avoid going down to component level
Lillygo has a very nice ESP32-based line of watch wearables, with wireless connectivity, including LoRa. But if you need to replace all of the internals, it’s not worth the cost. On the other hand, if you can use what’s in it, it’s very nice.
Not sure of any kits off the shelf but linked below is a 2.1" round ttf display with capacitive touch so it would be a great place to start, with the human interface side. And knowing adafruit you may be able to get a 3d model of it to use in making your own enclosure. https://www.adafruit.com/product/5792