I think a mid-level engineer from VW went to his boss and said, "look what the guys at Audi and Bosch came up with - they have a gizmo that senses emission test stand protocol and re-tunes the engine. They are only using it for R&D but, ...what if we give up the ghost on all of this urea development and just go with this software solution. Nobody will know how we did it." His boss goes to the VP of engineering and tells the same story. The three of them get big bonuses. The suits from the C-executive suite have no idea what is going on but they are happy to pay bonuses because now they have a competitive advantage. The VP of engineer retires as soon as things go south, the C-level executives point to mid-level engineers (since the VP of engineering retired) and nobody believes that story - now the whole company is in a pile of crap except one or a few Senior technical people - they are sitting in their villas with no worries at all. They may have retired 4 years before the car was even in production - a PPAP test starts 2 to 4 years before launch, bonuses are paid long before launch for technical innovations and cost-cutting innovations.I still don't have a feel for what VW hoped to gain. Less cost per vehicle, yes. More units sold and market share gained by having a superior technology in the market, yes. But adding all that up brings in what, maybe $2K per car? In the U.S. were talking about a half million cars. So maybe VW stood to gain a billion dollars in the U.S. if they never got caught?
Now they stand to lose $20B in the U.S. One can argue whether a 20X penalty is appropriate, but I think everyone would agree that the penalty should exceed any ill-gotten gains by a wide margin.
What surprises me in retrospect is that VW did this. It was a really stupid and shortsighted gamble. Did they really believe they would never be caught? If I had launched a cheater product, I'd be in constant fear the competition would study how I accomplished the advanced technology. I'd be less worried about regulatory organizations, but I still would not bet on them never finding it.
If I were a VW shareholder, I'd want to know who made this decision and I'd want them skewered on a pike. Their are prudent gambles made all the time in business, but this doesn't seem like one.
Similar things happen in pharmaceuticals, "yes, it is a great innovation and we should reformulate with lower dosages - we'll save millions" The innovator is rewarded and he is gone by the time human trials are complete - and fail.
