Single Photon Avalanche Diode

Irving

Joined Jan 30, 2016
4,999
Welcome to AAC.

Sorry, don't have MultiSim to hand on this PC. Can you explain what it is you are trying to simulate? Where is the SPAD in your circuit?
 

Papabravo

Joined Feb 24, 2006
22,058
Last edited:

Thread Starter

Souleymane MAIGA

Joined Jun 11, 2025
6
Welcome to AAC.

Sorry, don't have MultiSim to hand on this PC. Can you explain what it is you are trying to simulate? Where is the SPAD in your circuit?
Hello,

I'm working on modeling a SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) detector in Multisim, with passive extinction (series resistor RD).
The goal is to observe a current or voltage pulse characteristic of the avalanche phenomenon, lasting approximately 10 ns, across a load resistor RS = 50 Ω.

Here are my circuit parameters:

VA = 8 V (high bias)

VB = 5 V (low bias)

RL = 55 kΩ

RD = 400 Ω

RS = 50 Ω

CD = 1 pF (diode capacitance)

CP = 1 pF (parasite capacitance)

Triggering is performed with a switch controlled by a rectangular generator.

Problem: Despite the configuration, I can't observe a clear pulse (expected amplitude or shape) on the oscilloscope connected to RS. The current drops too slowly or remains weak.

Thank you in advance for your suggestions!
 

Thread Starter

Souleymane MAIGA

Joined Jun 11, 2025
6
I think the TS might be trying to simulate this device, a SPAD, which I have never heard of, but actually exists.

Single-photon avalanche diode - Wikipedia

ETA: Link to paper with equivalent circuit:
Avalanche photodiodes and quenching circuits for single-photon detection
Hello,
This is the same article I'm reading!! Actually, it's two series of articles from the same authors.
I'm working on modeling a SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) detector in Multisim, with passive extinction (series resistor RD).
The goal is to observe a current or voltage pulse characteristic of the avalanche phenomenon, lasting approximately 10 ns, across a load resistor RS = 50 Ω.

Here are my circuit parameters:

VA = 8 V (high bias)

VB = 5 V (low bias)

RL = 55 kΩ

RD = 400 Ω

RS = 50 Ω

CD = 1 pF (diode capacitance)

CP = 1 pF (parasite capacitance)

Triggering is performed with a switch controlled by a rectangular generator.

Problem: Despite the configuration, I can't observe a clear pulse (expected amplitude or shape) on the oscilloscope connected to RS. The current drops too slowly or remains weak.

Thank you in advance for your suggestions!
 

Attachments

sparky 1

Joined Nov 3, 2018
1,218
Modeling a spad detector no. simulating a triggering circuit. ok When V1 approaches maximum the threshold triggers a negative pulse. a simple sinewave is used.
The 2N3904 is not the fastest you can play with simulation below. In MS14 example files find RF RCL montecarlo simulation.
starting with a data file from a spad detector. A data file is processed, it replaces sine wave. In practice the blue fast pulse is capable approximating the center
of an optical pulse. Using a 74AC14 Schmitt Trigger Inverter, a delay and edge triggering a faster pulse for an everyday oscilloscope.

What is SPAD a white paper.
ShKHSaKfftgzIbnN.pdf

avalanche trigger.png
 

Attachments

Last edited:

0ri0n

Joined Jan 7, 2025
161
Problem: Despite the configuration, I can't observe a clear pulse (expected amplitude or shape) on the oscilloscope connected to RS. The current drops too slowly or remains weak.
The actual non-linear p-n junction, the (photo)diode, is missing. Replacing the diode with the equivalent circuit shown in the paper, made out of some passive R/C components, a switch and a voltage source, doesn't work. Which component do you see experiencing an avalanche breakdown?
 
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Papabravo

Joined Feb 24, 2006
22,058
I'm inclined to agree that simulating the breakdown of a p-n junction without a p-n junction is a dubious enterprise. I'm not familiar enough with the SPICE models for the bjt and the diode to know if you could establish a set of parameters that would allow you to investigate this.
 
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