What would your definition of "fully functional" include?
I guess I would start by seeing if the phone will enumerate. Then I'd see if I can transfer files to and from the phone.
First, make sure the cable isn't a "charging only" as is supplied with some USB power banks and devices only needing charging. As PapaBrovo said, plug the phone into a PC and see if it emunerates; if not, suspect the cable.
For the phone to support external devices, it must support USB-On-The-Go. If it does, then you need a USB-On-The-Go adapter, a short pigtail providing a USB-A connector. Keyboards and mice should work directly. Printers will require a driver and an app to print.
OK.
So if the phone does support the USB OTG (test showed it does) ; still needs an OTG adapter to plug a printer or just a plain USB cable ? (+ the app + driver)