I have read the text and searched it with my grandson and a friend. None of us can find the answer to this question in the text or on the net. I found how to reverse the direction of a 3 phase but no answer to my question. I am an old lady still trying to learn so any help would be appreciated. Thank you very much!

 

The direction of a single phase AC motor is determined at the factory where it is born. It's about how the wires are wound inside the motor.

 

The 1ph induction motor uses a phase shift in a start/direction winding consisting of a capacitor in series with the start winding that provides a 90° phase shift WRT the run winding, the direction will depend on whether the split phase is leading or lagging the supply phase, which can be reversed by reversing the start winding connections WRT the run.
There is also small 1ph motor that uses a copper shading ring instead of capacitor to provide the phase shift.
Max.