Once again, your problem is making up naïve scenarios based on things you are pulling out of... nowhere... and then demanding people answer questions that don't make sense.I've made my best to define the requirements for a better understanding of the ADC configuration settings.
How would you define the requirements to measure the voltage between 0 to 12 volts DC using a 10-bit ADC in a microcontroller?
Once again, I strongly recommend you try to build something real. This will constrain your requirements to the bounds of reality and make your questions sensible and not just grammatical nonsense.
You are not going to understand things better if you don't have a reason to question your own half-baked assumptions. You do realize you ask a question, then you argue with the answer. You either know or you don't—can you guess which one applies?