I came across a insulation monitoring design from TI (Refer Below)


I am having a hard time understanding the working of this particular design or how the insulation monitoring is done in general. If anyone would be kind enough to please explain this particular design.

Thanks in advance

Links to refer:
1. https://www.ti.com/tool/TIDA-010232
2. https://www.ti.com/product/TPSI2140-Q1#tech-docs

 

Insulation is "monitored" by connecting a resistor across it and seeing if any current flows.
The battery is wired as an IT earthing system. (That's nothing to do with Information Technology: wrong acronym)
If the positive terminal is shorted to earth, then connecting a resistor between the negative terminal and earth will result in a current flowing in the resistor; and vice versa.
It seems bizarre that to monitor insulation, first the insulation has to be compromised by connecting a resistor across it.