Where would this resistor be connected?I don't see why not, although you could place a 1k resistor on the MCLR pin?
You must use the debug header chip for debugging the PIC12F1822 on HW. According to Memory Programming Specification for PIC12F1822 in section 4.1 the MCLR/Vpp is used for entering into programming/verify mode via raising voltage on this pin to +8..9V, so the DS3231 will be in safe side in your circuit.I haven't been able to find out what a PICKIT does with MCLR during debugging so that will have be prototyped
Then you can use only RA2,RA4,RA5 pins for application.According to Mchip this chip has integrated debugging
Yes, So the possible additional input pin afforded by mclr would save me going to a 14 pin chip.Then you can use only RA2,RA4,RA5 pins for application.