If the current is 800mA then the 5V linear regulator needs a heatsink to get rid of 5.6W heat.
Can you make a test by using the 9V battery for the mic + opamp circuit in case the noise is coming through 12 V supply?
I misunderstood. I can try that and see what I get..I meant to supply the mic+ amp with separate 9V battery
and the buck converter from 12 V
Probably it won't help, but if it works, you can supply the mic+opamp from 12V to linear ( about 9V )regulator.
No heatsink is then needed because the mic and opamp need very small current.