In the circuit of Figure 7 of the article that I'm posting a link to, there is one termination labeled VCM. What does VCM stand for? Fig. 7 is close to the end of the article. I'm pretty sure that the author Nicoletti doesn't define what it stands for in the article. What it is would seem to be important for how the circuit functions.

Thanks if you know,
Pete

Phase Delay Enhances 3D Audio

 

Without looking at the article, the first thing that comes to mind is common-mode voltage. This could make sense in an audio application as stereo inputs are often described in terms of the common and differential portions of the signal.

 

Without looking at the article, the first thing that comes to mind is common-mode voltage. This could make sense in an audio application as stereo inputs are often described in terms of the common and differential portions of the signal.

Yes, thanks, I was thinking Voltage Common Mode. What is confusing is that some of the circuit is connected to a triangle pointing downwards (reference potential) while another part of the circuit is connected to VCM with no connection from VCM to reference potential (the triangle).

I would have posted Figure 7, but it is a *.GIF file and that can't be turned into a *.PDF file?

-Pete

 

I would have posted Figure 7, but it is a *.GIF file and that can't be turned into a *.PDF file?

There are lots of ways to do a screen capture. I'm pretty sure all of the major operating systems have something built in. I use CaptureWiz Pro. I really like it, but I'm also biased because a friend of mine is the one that wrote it and maintains it.

 

With Windows, Alt-Print Scr will capture the screen to the clipboard.
You can also download Snipping Tool (or use Windows + Shift + S) which will allow you to select any part of the screen.

 

I would have posted Figure 7, but it is a *.GIF file and that can't be turned into a *.PDF file?

Save the image, then open it and print to printer "Microsoft Print to PDF":

 

Win 11 uses Shft+Win + S to Screen Capture with options, then paste it Ctrl+V, (^V) while this webpage converts it to *.png

 

iMac screen capture: Shift-Command-3 selects the whole screen. S-C-5 gives you the option to select the area you want to capture. As to "VCM" that I don't know.

 

Is there a copyright issue with any or all of these methods? Thanks for all of these different techniques. Myself I'm prone to forget so I'll have to jot down the methods that I prefer and put it in my "computer techniques" folder which is an actual manila folder in an actual filing cabinet.

 

Is there a copyright issue with any or all of these methods? Thanks for all of these different techniques. Myself I'm prone to forget so I'll have to jot down the methods that I prefer and put it in my "computer techniques" folder which is an actual manila folder in an actual filing cabinet.

Circuits given in datasheets are intended to be used. The hope is that you will use the circuit and buy their parts to build it. Most of these circuits are also not unique to that data sheet or that manufacturer, but instead are widely known and used circuits that have been around for years (decades). The drawings themselves are graphical works that are copyrighted by default, but many manufacturers explicitly grant permission to copy and modify. Even if they don't, copying is likely legally safe provided you don't do it in a way that implies that it is actually your work. Providing a citation in any kind of published work would likely be sufficient. Even if you don't do that, manufacturers would be highly unlikely to take action -- doing so would scare off customers from using their products. To be super safe, just redraw the schematic yourself since it is only the artistic expression of the circuit that is protected by copyright. The circuit itself would need to be protected by patent and almost no manufacture presents patented circuits in a datasheet or app note precisely because they don't want do discourage people from using them.

Making a copy to put in your personal notes would not be an issue in any event.