My lamp had a polarity and some says that if you put the terminals incorrectly into the battery, there is a possibility that the lamp will explode or something. OK now, is it true?
Basically a dimmer circuit makes the light brightness adjustable, it is called a dimmer. An AC version uses a device called an SCR (silicon controlled rectifier). My PWM article will work on LEDs and incandescent lights OK. A florescent light works differently than both of the others. It is a low pressure gas with two incandescent filaments on the ends. It takes high voltage to start, but low voltage to keep going, so it is a popular portable light.
If you are interested in florescent lights I'll go into more detail. They are closely related to neon lights, but there are significant differences. A white LED is also related to a florescent light too, both use a phosphore chemical that glows in the presence of blue or ultraviolet.