My Toshiba inverter board got a high voltage so the protection fuse and two capacitors burnt, I can't figure out their numbers, attached photos of it

 

They are not Capacitors, but Varistors.
https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-types/varistor/#
Hopefully, the Varistors did their job in protecting the main board.

 

YES, the identifier text on the PCB is VA1, and since the fuse has also failed, the varistor did perform some protection and short circuited the high voltage.
So now the varistor must be removed, and a replacement installed to continue the protection. In addition the fuse must be replaced with another fast fuse of the same voltage and current rating.
The replacement varistor must be rated for protecting whatever voltage line is specified for the inverter.