It's largely a consequence of the design requirements of fighter aircraft. In order to perform high-gee maneuvers, you need a wing plan that is capable of producing lift that is seriously in excess of what is needed to maintain level flight even when fully loaded. Hence, you only need a fraction of the wing area producing lift under normal loading, especially if you either don't have, or have jettisoned, all of your external stores. Another huge contributing factor, which really comes into play in asymmetric wing situations, is the tremendous control authority that the control surfaces, particularly the stabilators, have. Again, this is due to the need for such authority to execute high-gee maneuvers.
Israel had one F-15 that had the entire starboard wing sheared off in a collision with an A-4 Skyhawk. The plane recovered on it's own and, because the fuel cloud obscuring his vision, the pilot was unaware that the wing was actually gone as opposed to just being damaged.
I was in the service when those Bricks were still flying off of carriers, I think the last version to fly was the Wild Weasel. For that mission you wanted to be as detectable as possible, so the F4 was a perfect plane.
https://wildweasels.org/f-4g-3/
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