Android chargers are just USB power supplies. Basically.
USB in this case is just 4 wires, Vcc (+), Data +, Data - and Ground. In your android cable you should have 4 wires, I can only see 3 in the picture, did one get cut when you were stripping the cable? There should be a Black on in there to.
So Red = Vcc (5v +), Black is Ground. This is really all you need for a charger. Now just using these two wires should get you a slow charge, typically limited to 500mA, but its still a charge and that's better than nothing. Now I believe Apple can be rather pesky when it comes to charger cables and require specific resistances on the Data + and Data - lines to allow charging. This is how fast charging works, specific resistances and voltages are put on to D+ and D- to allow the phone and charger know what they are plugged in to.
I do not know Apple products very well I am afraid so I do not know if just Vcc and Ground will work, it should, but only slowly. Just like if you plugged the phone into a PC using a USB cable.