I have to achieve the 5.2V with the 20mA current at the output stage, this is requirement of the project. I know how to calculate and design the circuit to achieve the 5.2V as a output, But I don't know how to calculate and design the circuit to achieve the output current of 20mA maximum, but now I knew the formula which you provided to calculate the output current. If my output load is 10k, then, according to the formula the output current is 5.72mA. Therefore, do I need to change the value of R2 to achieve the 20mA current?.
All you need to do is to make sure that the op-amp has sufficient output current. It can output 45mA. You are using 10mA in the feedback resistor. Therefore there is 35mA remaining, plenty to achieve 20mA output.
but. . .
your op-amp is DEAD because you have exceeded its absolute maximum power supply voltage, so the only output you will get is smoke.