There are actually two sides to this story.

As an example, a capacitor may be marked with a 50V max rating. This means that the manufacturer guarantees that the component will operate at 50V. Will it still function at 60V? Most likely it would but is that prudent engineering practice?

Electronic components are stressed when operated outside of their operating limits and will eventually fail prematurely. Prudent engineering practice dictates that it would be wise to derate the manufacturer's specs. Hence a capacitor with 50V max voltage would be applied in a circuit that never exceeds 30VDC, for example. In other words, give yourself some headroom.

 

In a lot of ways I think the simulator model specific parts to be useless. If the sim is going to allow you to do whatever you want without adhering to the mode, what's the point of the model. Just use an ideal part

The purpose of the models is to allow the simulation to, as close as possible, simulate how the real circuit will operate.
An ideal part won't do that.
It indeed will allow the simulation to operate beyond the part ratings but that's something you need to determine when you do the design.
And LTspice, for example, will display all the circuit voltages, currents, and the power dissipated by each part, so you can determine if they are being operated within their limits,
All that is not always readily measured in a real circuit.

 

The purpose of the models is to allow the simulation to, as close as possible, simulate how the real circuit will operate.
An ideal part won't do that.
It indeed will allow the simulation to operate beyond the part ratings but that's something you need to determine when you do the design.
And LTspice, for example, will display all the circuit voltages, currents, and the power dissipated by each part, so you can determine if they are being operated within their limits,
All that is not always readily measured in a real circuit.

"All that is not always readily measured in a real circuit. " Especially if no real circuit has yet been built at the time of simulation.