4x4 keypad arduino non blocking

Thread Starter

Vindhyachal Takniki

Joined Nov 3, 2014
594
1. I am using ATMega 2560 arduino board & want to interface 4x4 keypad in it.
It has lots of other peripherals like graphical lcd, relay, 3 uart peripherals. SO bit of large code in it.

2. Need to interface 4x4 keypad. Was looking at this library.
https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/KeypadTutorial

3. On this page, its written that:
" If key presses seem to take a long time to show up then you are probably using long delay()'s in your code. The same thing can happen if you use too many small delay()s like delay(10)."

4. In my code, there are lots of peripherals connected, in many places I need to add delay for some functions.

5. Is there any other keypad library, which is completely independent of this. So that I can read it in main without this delay issue & it should be non blocking
 

MrChips

Joined Oct 2, 2009
30,711
The standard way of interfacing to a 4 x 4 keypad is to drive 4 rows (or columns) from digital output and and read back 4 columns (or rows) from digital inputs.

You can either have pull-ups or pull-downs on the inputs.
If you have pull-ups then drive the outputs low.
If you have pull-downs, drive the outputs high.

Drive all 4 outputs and use interrupts on pin-change to recognize key-down activity.
Then do traditional scan to find which key is pressed.
Follow this with proper key debounce techniques in software using hardware timers.
 

Thread Starter

Vindhyachal Takniki

Joined Nov 3, 2014
594
below is the code, max time I found was 160us, when key in postion 4,4 is pressed.
Time is measured from start of isr to end of isr as u can see in code.

Code:
#include "TimerOne.h"

const uint8_t no_key = 0U;

const uint8_t keys_val[4][4] = {
  {'1','2','3','A'},
  {'4','5','6','B'},
  {'7','8','9','C'},
  {'*','0','#','D'}
};

volatile uint8_t key_main_access;
volatile uint8_t key_state;
volatile uint8_t old_col;
volatile uint8_t new_col;
volatile uint8_t new_row;
volatile uint8_t main_read;
volatile uint8_t main_interrupted;
volatile uint8_t key1;
volatile uint8_t key2;

const int row_1 = 33;
const int row_2 = 35;
const int row_3 = 37;
const int row_4 = 39;
const int col_1 = 41;
const int col_2 = 43;
const int col_3 = 45;
const int col_4 = 47;

volatile uint32_t old_time, new_time, diff = 0U;

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(9600);

/* init all vars for keypad in default state */
    init_all_vars__key_c();

/* 20ms timer interrupt */
    Timer1.initialize(20000);
    Timer1.attachInterrupt(isr_key_callback);

/* all colums inout high */
    pinMode(col_1, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(col_2, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(col_3, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(col_4, INPUT_PULLUP);   

/* all rows output HIGH */
    pinMode(row_1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(row_2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(row_3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(row_4, OUTPUT);

    digitalWrite(row_1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(row_2, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(row_3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(row_4, HIGH);

}

void isr_key_callback()
{
    //old_time = micros();

    uint8_t check;

    if(0U == key_main_access)   /* if main is not accessing keypad variable, will happen if main wants to reset keypad varaibles */
    {
        if(0U == key_state)    /* ground all rows & check for any col low */
        {
            digitalWrite(row_1, LOW); digitalWrite(row_2, LOW); digitalWrite(row_3, LOW); digitalWrite(row_4, LOW); 

            if(!digitalRead(col_1))  /* if found store the col & move to next state */
            {
                old_col = 1U;
                key_state = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_2))
            {
                old_col = 2U;
                key_state = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_3))
            {
                old_col = 3U;
                key_state = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_4))
            {
                old_col = 4U;
                key_state = 1U;
            }
            else
            {
            }                       

        }
        else if(1U == key_state)  /* ground one row at a time & check for col low  */
        {
            check = 0U;   /* assume row 1 is found to be low */
            digitalWrite(row_1, LOW); digitalWrite(row_2, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_3, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_4, HIGH);
            if(!digitalRead(col_1))   /* if found store the col & row */
            {
                new_col = 1U;
                new_row = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_2))
            {
                new_col = 2U;
                new_row = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_3))
            {
                new_col = 3U;
                new_row = 1U;
            }
            else if(!digitalRead(col_4))
            {
                new_col = 4U;
                new_row = 1U;
            }
            else
            {
                check = 1U;  /* initial assumption that this row found to be false, so now check next row */
            }

            if(1U == check)   /* repeat same as row 1 */
            {
                check = 0U;
                digitalWrite(row_1, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_2, LOW); digitalWrite(row_3, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_4, HIGH);
                if(!digitalRead(col_1))
                {
                    new_col = 1U;
                    new_row = 2U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_2))
                {
                    new_col = 2U;
                    new_row = 2U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_3))
                {
                    new_col = 3U;
                    new_row = 2U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_4))
                {
                    new_col = 4U;
                    new_row = 2U;
                }
                else
                {
                    check = 1U;
                }
            }

            if(1U == check)    /* repeat same as row 1 */
            {
                check = 0U;
                digitalWrite(row_1, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_2, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_3, LOW); digitalWrite(row_4, HIGH);
                if(!digitalRead(col_1))
                {
                    new_col = 1U;
                    new_row = 3U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_2))
                {
                    new_col = 2U;
                    new_row = 3U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_3))
                {
                    new_col = 3U;
                    new_row = 3U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_4))
                {
                    new_col = 4U;
                    new_row = 3U;
                }
                else
                {
                    check = 1U;
                }
            }       

            if(1U == check)     /* repeat same as row 1 */
            {
                check = 0U;
                digitalWrite(row_1, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_2, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_3, HIGH); digitalWrite(row_4, LOW);
                if(!digitalRead(col_1))
                {
                    new_col = 1U;
                    new_row = 4U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_2))
                {
                    new_col = 2U;
                    new_row = 4U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_3))
                {
                    new_col = 3U;
                    new_row = 4U;
                }
                else if(!digitalRead(col_4))
                {
                    new_col = 4U;
                    new_row = 4U;
                }
                else
                {
                    check = 1U;
                }
            }     

            if(0U == check)       /* a row low has been found */
            {
                if(new_col == old_col)   /* if new column & old colum has been equal */
                {
                    if((new_col >= 1U) && (new_col <= 4) && (new_row >= 1) && (new_row <= 4))  /* if new col & new row are within array boundaries */
                    {
                        if(0U == main_read)           /* if main is not reading the key state */
                        {
                            key1 = keys_val[new_row-1U][new_col-1U];      /* store the key value */
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            key2 = keys_val[new_row-1U][new_col-1U];    /* mainline got interrupted */
                            main_interrupted = 1U;
                        }
                        key_state = 2U;       /* key found successfully, now move to next state */
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        key_state = 0U;      /* if new col & new row are not within array boundaries, something wrong, move to default state */
                    }
                }
                else  /* if new col & old col are not same, something wrong, move to default state */
                {
                    key_state = 0U;
                }
            }
            else    /* if no row low has been found, something wrong,move to default state */
            {
                key_state = 0U;
            }    

        }
        else if(2U == key_state)   /* wait for all keys to open again, by grounding all rows, & wait for col to be high */
        {
            digitalWrite(row_1, LOW); digitalWrite(row_2, LOW); digitalWrite(row_3, LOW); digitalWrite(row_4, LOW);
            if(digitalRead(col_1) && digitalRead(col_2) && digitalRead(col_3) && digitalRead(col_4))
            {
                key_state = 0U;    /* all col found high, move to default state */
            }
        }
        else
        {
        }

    }

    /*new_time = micros();
    if(diff < (new_time-old_time))
    {
        diff =  new_time-old_time;
        Serial.println(diff);
    }*/

}

void loop()
{
    uint8_t temp;

    while(1)
    {
        temp = key_read();
        if(no_key != temp)
        {
            Serial.print("KEY: ");
            Serial.println((char)temp);
        }
    }
}

uint8_t key_read(void)
{
    uint8_t temp;

    main_read = 1U;  /* set var for main line read & read the key value */
    temp = key1;
    key1 = no_key;
    main_read = 0U;

    if(1U == main_interrupted)  /* if main line gets interupted, again read the key var */
    {
        temp = key2;
        key2 = no_key;
        main_interrupted = 0U;
    }

    return temp;

}

void clear_key_vars(void)
{
    key_main_access = 1U;    /* clear all previous key varaibles & start aagin  */

    key_state = 0U;
    old_col = 1U;
    new_col = 1U;
    new_row = 1U;
    main_read = 0U;
    main_interrupted = 0U;
    key1 = no_key;
    key2 = no_key; 

    key_main_access = 0U;

}

void init_all_vars__key_c(void)
{
    key_main_access = 0U;   /* init ll vars to default state */
    key_state = 0U;
    old_col = 1U;
    new_col = 1U;
    new_row = 1U;
    main_read = 0U;
    main_interrupted = 0U;
    key1 = no_key;
    key2 = no_key;
}
 

Thread Starter

Vindhyachal Takniki

Joined Nov 3, 2014
594
Algorithm for Alphanumeric keypad

1. My above posted code is working fine. This works fine if every key has one number attached to it.
2. Now I have to convert it to alphanumeric keypad as in earlier mobile phones. Each key will have 4 fuctions like:
(2,A,B,C) for one key.
3. What would be change in algo for this.

4. What I am thinking is as soon as key is detected in key_state = 1 in above code, I start a counter in this timer,

if timer counts to greater than 1seconds, then key 2
if same key is pressed again in 0.5 seconds, then shift to A
if same key is pressed again in 0.5 seconds, then shift to B
if same key is pressed again in 0.5 seconds, then shift to C
if same key is pressed again in 0.5 seconds, then shift to 0 again
until same key pressed passes 1 seconds


I am writing this code, was also looking for some reference codes
 
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