I came across this board and it looks modified. I'm very new as a student and haven't seen some of these components. Any help quickly would be appreciated. Thanks

 

Not modified but not very well built.
Folded over components on the top of the board to keep the height below the height of the push-buttons.
The two black blobs are 'chip-on-board':
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-chip-on-boards-are-made

 

Welcome to AAC.
I see no obvious modifications. Can you annotate the area you suspect may be modified?

 

Welcome to AAC.
I see no obvious modifiaftwrcations. Can you annotate the area you suspect may be modified?

The three areas I circled in read were done by a different hand. Less steady one. And I have proof that the board was moved about and that the 2 wires that were attached to blue thinger bobber were moved about as well and the rod they were wrapped to was completely repositioned

 

On the track side of the board, the surface mount components were machine placed and flow soldered, so those joints look neat and tidy. The joints you circled are for the through hole components placed on the other side of the board and they were hand soldered so don't look so good.
The three 'what is this' items, from left to right: a buzzer; not sure about this one, but I think it's a thermistor; and finally the blue oblong is a 6.8nF film capacitor and the silver tube is a quartz crystal.

 

I think it is probably part of a timer (Possibly a kitchen timer.) It could also be an alarm clock. From the row of gold pads I suspect it had an LCD display connected to it by a conductive plastic connector.

Les.

 

On the track side of the board, the surface mount components were machine placed and flow soldered, so those joints look neat and tidy. The joints you circled are for the through hole components placed on the other side of the board and they were hand soldered so don't look so good.
The three 'what is this' items, from left to right: a buzzer; not sure about this one, but I think it's a thermistor; and finally the blue oblong is a 6.8nF film capacitor and the silver tube is a quartz crystal.

Could the middle one be temp senser

 

We might have some better guesses if you might disclose where you got this board and what the unit containing it does.

I'm also curious what the unspoken proof of modification would be.

 

Could the middle one be temp senser

I suspect it is a thermistor but cannot see it clearly enough and have no idea of the board function so I cannot be sure.