Energy is released as heat, superconductors don't generate any heat (none what so ever), so the energy is used creating a magnetic field, which you will get back when it collapses (a storage system, in other words). The battery providing the current is a different issue, since it has resistance. If you short a superconducting ring after establishing current the current will flow in an endless loop until the conductive path is broken.

Superconductors should point to one of the holes in your logic.

Electrons are only loosely bound to atoms in conductors, this is what makes them conductors. In insulators they are tightly bound to the atoms, which makes them insulators. We are talking fundimental properties of matter here.

Electrons aren't the rigid structures you seem to think they are, they can migrate quite easily around, which is what allows static electricity. We are talking about the outer shells of the atom only. Many chemical bonds (ionic, such as table salt) form because the casual sharing of electrons.

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Thinking about it, there is another form of matter in the universe, unusual to us but actually the norm. This is plasma, which is ionized matter, where the electrons have been stripped from the atoms and float freely around. Plasma's are also conductive for similar reasons (a candle flame is plasma, and is conductive).

 

sorry Bill, but you made it too complicated. The easier the answer is the more logic it is. Sorry but I cant follow you.
Regards

 

The short of it, electrons are like fuzz on the sweater, it takes very little to loose the outer layer.

Making an answer easy doesn't make it logical, just understandable. If an answer is too easy it is likely wrong.

Some elements are sticky to electrons, they hold on to them, other elements tend to sluff electrons off. It is a mistake to think electrons are tightly bound to atoms across the board, it depends entirely on the element or compound. Elements and compounds (or alloys) vary in their properties, this is one of the properties. Nature prefers to keep a balance, but it is not required.

Concerning static electricity, rubbing a "sticky" material (one whose electrons are tightly bound) with a material whose hold on electrons isn't as tight (but is generally still an insulator) results in the transfer of electrons. It really is spelled out in the AAC book, you can even verify these properties with home experiments.

In many ways thinking of electrons as a fluid isn't too far off. It is an analogy, but like any good analogy it can get the point across. If you rub a wet sponge on a rock the rock will come up wet. The rock is an insulator to water, the sponges hold on water isn't that tight. Rub the sponge on cloth (a water conductor) and it won't be nearly so wet, because the water is soaked into the cloth.

One of the properties of metals is the electrons on the outside of the atoms can float from atom to atom, somewhat randomly, much like a fluid. Introduce an electric potential and they begin to flow in an organized way. Insulators tightly bind their electrons down, it is what makes them what they are.

There are 4 forms of matter last I heard, gas, liquid, solid, and plasma. A flame or the sun is made of plasma, and with plasma the electrons aren't even attached to the atoms any more. Actually quantum physics has discovered other forms of matter, but I'll leave it at that for the moment.

When you talk about electrons and their properties they aren't that simple, you have to take them in steps. The complexity means we can do a lot with them, things like making sounds, light, refrigeration with no moving parts, making parts move, communicating vast distances with no physical connection, you name it. I don't believe in magic, but electronics comes pretty close.

 

Sorry Bill, but that is not the question. I'd like to know why when increasing the temperature of a conductor(for example copper), their resistance increases. So simple !!!, I just want the physics behind if possible.
Regards

 

Metals allow electrons to float because how they bond to their neighbors, basically there is a geometry to it (think crystal).

When you heat anything up, the internal vibration goes up. In a fundimental sense this is the definition of heat. The internal organization is disrupted also, which affects the conductivity.

Analogy time, if you walked down a smooth pathway, or a rope bridge in a violent wind, which is easier?

I notice in other posts you keep referring to the energy it takes to jump from one valance shell to another. How do superconductors fit in your mental picture of this? They use no energy for this process, absolutely none.