Curiousity driven: When two wall adapters ouput same voltage but different max amperage, what is internally different between the two which allows one to output higher current but not the other. Thanks for your time.

 

If it is a simple wall-wart with a transformer then it just has a bigger transformer (with thicker wires) and maybe larger diodes and capacitor. In other words, everything is just bigger in order to allow for the higher current.

 

pretty good ! Now, how is it possible that lower output voltage adapter can provide higher current than higher voltage adapter ? what is the purpose?

 

The physical size of the transformer is related to its total Wattage rating.

so for a transformer rated at 10 watts, if the output is 5 volts, it will be able to supply 2 amps....... if however it has a 10 volt output winding, then it can only deliver 1 amp.

 

Now, how is it possible that lower output voltage adapter can provide higher current than higher voltage adapter ? what is the purpose?

The purpose is literally to obtain more current at a given voltage.

For a manufacturer, the power supply must meet or exceed the circuit requirements without being needlessly expensive. Hence why there are so many different types out there.

 

insulation is limiting factor for voltage and heat handling capacity for current.
thus for same power =VI ,ratings are so adjusted that the componenets can handle the amperage voltages are generally not high enough to cause problems relating to insulation.
the amperage ratings on adapters are max current they can safely handle.