The first one is notoriously false. I went to Wikipedia to check and saw you copied from there but left out the exponents.* Light output is approximately proportional to V
* Power consumption is approximately proportional to V
* Lifetime is approximately inversely proportional to V 16
* Color temperature is approximately proportional to V 0.42
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_bulb
Light output is approximately proportional to V^3.4
Power consumption is approximately proportional to V^1.6
Lifetime is approximately inversely proportional to V^16
Color temperature is approximately proportional to V^0.42
Except that the OP explicitly asks about doing it with PWM and also there is a question of using AAA batteries anda 5 V lamp which I am not quite clear about.With a five volt lamp, a pot changing base current into a transistor should be all the control necessary.
by Jake Hertz
by Jeff Child