problem in fpga program

Thread Starter

vinay arora

Joined Jun 3, 2011
15
I am not able to understand that how it generate a 440 hz from the 2 program shown below, with 50% duty cycle.




"A" note (440Hz)

Ok, better than a random frequency, why not try to get a 440Hz signal. That's the frequency of the "A" note.

Instead of dividing 25MHz by 65536, we need to divide by 56818. Here we go.

module music(clk, speaker);
input clk;
output speaker;

reg [15:0] counter;
always @(posedge clk) if(counter==56817) counter <= 0; else counter <= counter+1;

assign speaker = counter[15];
endmodule

There is a problem though. The frequency is 440Hz, as expected, but the output duty cycle is not 50% anymore. The low level goes from counter=0 to counter=32767 (when bit 15 of counter is low) and then high level from 32768 to 56817. That gives us "speaker" being high only 42% of the time.

The easiest way to get a 50% duty cycle is to add a stage that divides the output by 2. So first we divide by 28409 (instead of 56818) and then by 2.

module music(clk, speaker);
input clk;
output speaker;

reg [14:0] counter;
always @(posedge clk) if(counter==28408) counter <= 0; else counter <= counter+1;

reg speaker;
always @(posedge clk) if(counter==28408) speaker <= ~speaker;
endmodule
 
Top