I'm trying to make a thermoelectric generator(TEC Modules) that can power my laptop.

How could I convert a 12 volt TEC module so that I can perhaps connect it to a battery, strip an extension cord, and plug in my AC Adapter into it?

The battery pack requires 100v - 240v to work properly. Does that mean I have to make the 12v generated from the module 100 volts for this to work?

 

You have more problems than that to solve.

Your laptop probably needs 90W or so at ~19V?

The TEC you would need to provide 90W - at any voltage - is impractically huge.

You might enjoy this project and this demonstration. It'll give you an idea of what you are facing.

This technology is only about 5% efficient at best, so for 90W of laptop power you'll need about 2kW of waste heat flowing from hot to cold.