In an AC circuit, inductors and capacitors are treated as complex impedances. That is, resistances that have a complex (rather than real) values.
An inductor has an impedance of \(X=jL\omega\) and a capacitor \(X=\frac{1}{j\omega C}\), where L is the inductance, C the capacitance, ω the circular frequency of the voltage across the component and j is the complex unit.
In a DC circuit on stable operation (that has run as is for a long time), any inductor is replaced with a short circuit and any capacitor with an open circuit.
To study transients in a DC circuit you will need some knowledge on differential analysis and RC-RL-RLC circuits.