what is the component 7805 for ?

 

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A 7805 is a linear voltage regulator which keeps the output voltage fixed at 5V regardless of variations in the input voltage or the load.

 

A 7805 is a linear voltage regulator which keeps the output voltage fixed at 5V regardless of variations in the input voltage or the load.

... as long as the input voltage is >= 7v and <= 35v, and the load current is between 5mA and 1A (inclusive).