Sorry for my bad English but i'm from Italy!

I have a question about phase that i don't fully understand.

I took this table from the allaboutcircuits.com e-book:




Volume II - AC » REACTANCE AND IMPEDANCE -- R, L, AND C »
Series R, L, and C

For example, in the column R - Z it is 0° which means that current and voltage through the resistor are in phase. Right?
But, for example, what does it mean 80.680° in the R - E column?
Ok i know it comes from calculus (E=IZ) but strictly speaking about phase what does it mean?

Thank you!

 

oh! I had the illumination while i was having lunch!

I noticed that the phase differences between E and I in the R, C and L columns reflect what the relative components presume to do! I also understood how the impedance (seeing the total column) causes the phase to shift in the 0° to 90° range.

However, any of you who feel like to add something are welcomed!

Do you know of a simple thing on the net to make calculations with complex numbers? I google but i couldn't find anything easy.