Hi everyone,

From the attached picture, it's showing that phase error is output from the Phase Frequency Detector of a PLL. Can anyone please explain to me how the second waveform was obtained from the first pulse waveform? I can't see the relationship between them. Thanks.....

 

A phase error is an error between 2 waves, I see only 1 wave plus a graph of the error. I think one wave is missing. Could be wrong on this.

 

Alright, attachment was updated. It's a waveform around an accumulator. ref(t) is reference clock and div(t) is the output of the accumulator. The e(t) is the phase difference between div(t) and ref(t). How about the phase error(t) was being derived?