isnt there any kind of an equation on what values to use for the Capacitors

there is dozens of pages all over with the schematic no trouble finding that... but there is no way to calculate the uF

another big help would be a section on suggestions on where to get parts and pieces/ outlets etc.... really takes a lot of effort and seems so disorganized.....

 

How about X2 the peak value of the sine wave, hence the name doubler? This pretty much applies to X3 (tripler), X4 (quadrupler), etc. Last time I read it it mentioned to subtract the voltage drop.