I don't know how many of y'all are ARRL members, but I've dug up an ancient treasure: the March 1940 issue of QST, the article: The Ionosphere and Radio Transmission. If you're a member, you need to download this from the archives....if you're not, you need to beg, borrow, or steal this article. It's the best treatise on H.F. propagation I've ever read, and it is one of the earliest references to X and O mode propagation.
If you have anything to do with radio at all, this is required reading.
Eric
If you have anything to do with radio at all, this is required reading.
Eric