Newton's gravity equation F = (G m1 m2)/r2 is verified by Cavendish using lead spheres that gravitational force is measured using a torsion mechanism which is an extremely crude and inaccurate experiment since Cavendish is measuring a force of 1 µg that is approximately equal to the weight of a single grain of pollen. In an alternative experiment, a lead sphere (2 kg) is suspended using a thin titanium wire (1.5 m), and placed at the center, of the outer surface, of a moveable 2000 kg lead block (fig 12). The angle of the wire is monitored, using two lasers beams. The lead sphere is initially situated .001 mm from the outer surface, near the center, of the lead block, then the lead block is moved away from the suspended lead sphere. After the lead block is moved 1 cm from the suspended lead sphere, there is no measurable change in the angle of the wire, that is suspending the lead sphere, which contradicts Cavendish's experiment and Newton's gravity equation.
Newton's Gravity equation
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Newton's gravity equation F = (G m1 m2)/r2 is verified by Cavendish using lead spheres that gravitational force is measured using a torsion mechanism which is an extremely crude and inaccurate experiment since Cavendish is measuring a force of 1 µg that is approximately equal to the weight of a single grain of pollen which proves Cavendish's experiment is physically invalid.
Newton's gravity equation F = (G m1 m2)/r2 is verified by Cavendish using lead spheres that gravitational force is measured using a torsion mechanism which is an extremely crude and inaccurate experiment since Cavendish is measuring a force of 1 µg that is approximately equal to the weight of a single grain of pollen which proves Cavendish's experiment is physically invalid.
Newton's gravity equation
F = (G m1 m2)/r2................................................................................................................................73
is similar to Coulomb's law,
F = (k q1 q2)/r2................................................................................................................................74
Coulomb law represents positive and negative charges that represent attraction an repulsion forces yet gravity only displays an attraction force. Also, Coulomb's law represents point charges that is incompatible with mass that have a large volume. Also, for large masses such as on used in Cavendish experiment the value of r cannot be determine since the masses used are not point masses yet Newton's gravity equation is verified by Cavendish's experiment using two lead spheres that gravitational attraction force is measured using a torsion mechanism which is an extremely crude and inaccurate experiment since Cavendish is measuring a force of 10 −9 lb which represent the approximate force of that is equivalent to a single grain of pollen which cannot be detected using Cavendish experiment. Using m1 = .73 kg and m1 = 158 kg and the distance of r = .5 m which G = 6.67384×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2, the force between Cavendish lead spheres is calculated using equation 73,
F = (6.67384×10−11) x (.73)(158) / (.5)2 ≃ 1μ gram......................................................................................................................75
An alternative experiment is used to test Newton gravity equation (equ 74), two electrically grounded lead spheres are used; the smaller lead sphere (2 kg) is suspended using a thin titanium wire (1.5 m), and placed near the outer surface, of a moveable 2000 kg lead sphere (fig 12). The angle of the wire, that is suspending the smaller lead sphere, is monitored, using a laser beam and interferometer. The smaller lead sphere is initially situated .001 mm from the outer surface, of the larger lead sphere, then the larger lead sphere is slowly moved away from the smaller suspended lead sphere. After the grounded larger lead sphere is moved 1 cm from the smaller suspended lead sphere, there is no measurable change in the angle of the wire, that is suspending the smaller lead sphere, which contradicts Cavendish's experiment and Newton's gravity equation.
"The German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was among Newton's sharpest critics in this respect. He objected that the conclusion that every body is attracted to every other body by a gravitational force was not 'deduced from the phenomena' as Newton had claimed." (Gower, p. 72).
F = (G m1 m2)/r2................................................................................................................................73
is similar to Coulomb's law,
F = (k q1 q2)/r2................................................................................................................................74
Coulomb law represents positive and negative charges that represent attraction an repulsion forces yet gravity only displays an attraction force. Also, Coulomb's law represents point charges that is incompatible with mass that have a large volume. Also, for large masses such as on used in Cavendish experiment the value of r cannot be determine since the masses used are not point masses yet Newton's gravity equation is verified by Cavendish's experiment using two lead spheres that gravitational attraction force is measured using a torsion mechanism which is an extremely crude and inaccurate experiment since Cavendish is measuring a force of 10 −9 lb which represent the approximate force of that is equivalent to a single grain of pollen which cannot be detected using Cavendish experiment. Using m1 = .73 kg and m1 = 158 kg and the distance of r = .5 m which G = 6.67384×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2, the force between Cavendish lead spheres is calculated using equation 73,
F = (6.67384×10−11) x (.73)(158) / (.5)2 ≃ 1μ gram......................................................................................................................75
An alternative experiment is used to test Newton gravity equation (equ 74), two electrically grounded lead spheres are used; the smaller lead sphere (2 kg) is suspended using a thin titanium wire (1.5 m), and placed near the outer surface, of a moveable 2000 kg lead sphere (fig 12). The angle of the wire, that is suspending the smaller lead sphere, is monitored, using a laser beam and interferometer. The smaller lead sphere is initially situated .001 mm from the outer surface, of the larger lead sphere, then the larger lead sphere is slowly moved away from the smaller suspended lead sphere. After the grounded larger lead sphere is moved 1 cm from the smaller suspended lead sphere, there is no measurable change in the angle of the wire, that is suspending the smaller lead sphere, which contradicts Cavendish's experiment and Newton's gravity equation.
"The German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was among Newton's sharpest critics in this respect. He objected that the conclusion that every body is attracted to every other body by a gravitational force was not 'deduced from the phenomena' as Newton had claimed." (Gower, p. 72).
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Cavendish experiment used to verify Newton's gravity equation but Cavendish's attraction force is 1μ gram which cannot be detected with Cavendish's torsion mechanism composed of a .76 kg and 158 kg lead spheres suspended from metal rods. Your not making that stuff up are you. My good friend Nanospook would not approve.
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1μ gram is equal to the force of a single gain of pollen which is therefore unlike to produce the motion of Cavendish's torsion rod.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_experiment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_experiment
"To find the wire's torsion coefficient, the torque exerted by the wire for a given angle of twist, Cavendish timed the natural oscillation period of the balance rod as it rotated slowly clockwise and counterclockwise against the twisting of the wire. The period was about 20 minutes. The torsion coefficient could be calculated from this and the mass and dimensions of the balance. Actually, the rod was never at rest; Cavendish had to measure the deflection angle of the rod while it was oscillating.[10]
Cavendish's equipment was remarkably sensitive for its time.[9] The force involved in twisting the torsion balance was very small, 1.74×10−7 N,[11] about 1⁄50,000,000 of the weight of the small balls[12] or roughly the weight of a large grain of sand.[13] To prevent air currents and temperature changes from interfering with the measurements, Cavendish placed the entire apparatus in a wooden box about 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, 10 feet (3.0 m) tall, and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, all in a closed shed on his estate. Through two holes in the walls of the shed, Cavendish used telescopes to observe the movement of the torsion balance's horizontal rod. The motion of the rod was only about 0.16 inches (4.1 mm).[14] Cavendish was able to measure this small deflection to an accuracy of better than one hundredth of an inch using vernier scales on the ends of the rod.[15] Cavendish's accuracy was not exceeded until C. V. Boys' experiment in 1895. In time, Michell's torsion balance became the dominant technique for measuring the gravitational constant (G) and most contemporary measurements still use variations of it. This is why Cavendish's experiment became the Cavendish experiment.[16]"
It used to be that when in physics class, a student had to repeat the classic experiments. Maybe they don't do that anymore, but this experiment has been done many, many times.
One can argue if he really found the g constant, but that's for bean counters. The point is that he measured the gravitational force between 2 objects with real class.
It has not harmed our understanding in any way, that I can see. And it teaches that sometimes to figure something out, you have to skin a cat. Some of the ways these old timers solved their setup problems, is genius in itself.
Cavendish's equipment was remarkably sensitive for its time.[9] The force involved in twisting the torsion balance was very small, 1.74×10−7 N,[11] about 1⁄50,000,000 of the weight of the small balls[12] or roughly the weight of a large grain of sand.[13] To prevent air currents and temperature changes from interfering with the measurements, Cavendish placed the entire apparatus in a wooden box about 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, 10 feet (3.0 m) tall, and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, all in a closed shed on his estate. Through two holes in the walls of the shed, Cavendish used telescopes to observe the movement of the torsion balance's horizontal rod. The motion of the rod was only about 0.16 inches (4.1 mm).[14] Cavendish was able to measure this small deflection to an accuracy of better than one hundredth of an inch using vernier scales on the ends of the rod.[15] Cavendish's accuracy was not exceeded until C. V. Boys' experiment in 1895. In time, Michell's torsion balance became the dominant technique for measuring the gravitational constant (G) and most contemporary measurements still use variations of it. This is why Cavendish's experiment became the Cavendish experiment.[16]"
It used to be that when in physics class, a student had to repeat the classic experiments. Maybe they don't do that anymore, but this experiment has been done many, many times.
One can argue if he really found the g constant, but that's for bean counters. The point is that he measured the gravitational force between 2 objects with real class.
It has not harmed our understanding in any way, that I can see. And it teaches that sometimes to figure something out, you have to skin a cat. Some of the ways these old timers solved their setup problems, is genius in itself.
"With tremendous variety in the size of grain and the component material, grains of sand weigh an average of 0.0000044 kilograms (4.4 mg)."
mg ---- 10^-3 and a 1μ gram is 10^-6--------a grain a pollen is thousand times smaller, in weight or force than a single grain of sand.
mg ---- 10^-3 and a 1μ gram is 10^-6--------a grain a pollen is thousand times smaller, in weight or force than a single grain of sand.
"The German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was among Newton's sharpest critics in this respect. He objected that the conclusion that every body is attracted to every other body by a gravitational force was not 'deduced from the phenomena' as Newton had claimed." (Gower, p. 72).
Your problem(and everybody else) is that you are using the "M" term for mass.
You (or anybody else) has never defined what M is. This is why no one understands anything.
There is no such thing as mass, media, ether, stuff, material or star dust.
It's ALL just the AM of charge(confined energy) and it's fields. That's all there physically is. A negative charge particle and a positive charge particle is the only physical entities in the universe. Not counting the husk, a neutrino.
This is why all forces and phenomenon are unified.
Since there is no mass, gravity can not come from it. Gravity is not fundamental.
Gravity does not come directly from charge either. It takes two opposite charges to manufacture gravity.........in a dipole process. Gravity causes neutral dipole attraction, not particle attraction.
However, gravity indirectly affects solitary charge all the time. In a E10-40 kind of way.
For those who still use the M term........here is the proper formula for the F of g.
Gravity.jpg
You (or anybody else) has never defined what M is. This is why no one understands anything.
There is no such thing as mass, media, ether, stuff, material or star dust.
It's ALL just the AM of charge(confined energy) and it's fields. That's all there physically is. A negative charge particle and a positive charge particle is the only physical entities in the universe. Not counting the husk, a neutrino.
This is why all forces and phenomenon are unified.
Since there is no mass, gravity can not come from it. Gravity is not fundamental.
Gravity does not come directly from charge either. It takes two opposite charges to manufacture gravity.........in a dipole process. Gravity causes neutral dipole attraction, not particle attraction.
However, gravity indirectly affects solitary charge all the time. In a E10-40 kind of way.
For those who still use the M term........here is the proper formula for the F of g.
Gravity.jpg
