Data & Power Line Surge protection

Thread Starter

lanker45

Joined May 19, 2009
23
time to close this thread, theres alot of info above for those whom are reading.
For me, will be reearth grounding the home 20 and shop, finally received the Fall-Of-Potential meter test kit ordered from ebay... The NEC code is 25 ohms while the Ieee stay with 5 ohms or less. Myself, am going for the 5 ohm code. If for some reason your earth grounds won;t go down to what you want, you'll need "earth-enhancment" backfill from the electric supply house. One is called "ultra-fill" its a carbon based conductive back fill to pour in around the length of those ground rods the other is "Bentonite" its a clay based material mined here in the states. While it also does the job, think I would rather use the carbon based material as it performs something like 5-8 times over the clay material... With respect to the data protection the best I was able to come up with is to isolate it "isolation Transformer" due to the GPR, the fault currant/surge will pass through the ground rod system into the wires through your Electronics then back to your telcom/cable providers ground that they are required to install by code.
 

Thread Starter

lanker45

Joined May 19, 2009
23
The long and short of the above is how to CYA and the electronics in your home, not to mention your Frig & A/C...
These surge protectors that plug-in protect in several ways some redirect the surge through your ground system while others use MOVs to cut/choke off the surge.. In any event I have seen no products to date, that will replace your burnt up electronics even if you do use their surge protection products !!!
 

westom

Joined Nov 25, 2009
52
The NEC code is 25 ohms while the Ieee stay with 5 ohms or less. Myself, am going for the 5 ohm code.
Too much concern about resistance and not enough about what is more important: impedance.

Earth ground must do two things - conductivity and equipotential. You are spending too much labor on conductivity and too little on equipotential. We cannot make conductivity (low resistance) good enough. So superior equipotential is also necessary. The concept of single point ground addresses equipotential.

NEC is only about human safety. So it only discusses 'resistance'. Transistor safety is more about 'impedance'. For example, a 50 foot AC wire (inside walls) can be less than 0.2 ohms resistance. And also 120 ohms impedance. Obviously impedance is key. A trivial 100 amp surge earthed by a wall receptacle protector could be at (100 amps times 120 ohms) something less than 12,000 volts. Will that current use safety ground wires? Of course not. It will go hunting elsewhere for earth destructively via the attached or other nearby appliances.

That IEEE citation discussed this in figure 8 on page 42. Due to excessive impedance, the protector earthed a surge 8000 volts destructively via any nearby TV. Why 8000 volts? The safety ground wire is 12,000 volts between receptacle and breaker box ground. Impedance - not resistance - is critically important.

Safety ground wire is too long. Has sharp bends. Multiple splices. May be inside metallic conduit. Is bundled with other non-grounding wires. Every sentence alone says compromised protection - excessive impedance.

Worry same for a connection to those earth ground rods. If that wire from breaker box goes up over the foundation and down to earth, then again, protection compromised. Sharp bends over the foundation. Wire bundled with other non-grounding wires. Ground wire too long. Etc. Excessive impedance.

Making a ground rod more conductive is better. But that has little significance compared to impedance. Often more important than getting 5 ohms is making a connection to that ground 'low impedance'. What good is a 5 ohm earth ground when the wire connection is 120 ohms?

Enhance earthing by looping the house with a buried ground wire. That also lowers resistance - a little bit better. But that massively increases equipotential. Both meet and 'exceed' code requirements. Appreciate terms completely irrelevant to what the NEC requires such as 'impedance' and 'equipotential'.
 

Thread Starter

lanker45

Joined May 19, 2009
23
Had not planed or considered a single ground rod!!! There will be a series of rods each tested for fall-Of-Potential, then comes a 1 or 2 ott copper conductor from ground bus inside panel & perhaps up to or down from the meter can if I have a place to land it of course (inside meter can). That size copper conductor should not have any impedance to speak of... Also, it will be one piece of conductor w/pass through ground lugs in the panel, to the ground system w/ cadwelded or mechanical connections (nut & bolt) with soldered ring terminals. If I can find a copper pass through ground lug, it will get soldered as well.... Whats your thoughts on the above?
 

westom

Joined Nov 25, 2009
52
Had not planed or considered a single ground rod!!!
As noted previously, the most important aspect of any protection system is the earth ground. Well over 50% of the questions should be about earthing. Nobody ever said 'single point earth ground' is a single ground rod. And thicker wire does not significantly lower impedance.

Thicker wire mostly means lower resistance. Shorter wire mostly defines impedance. Does not matter how much thicker the wire. 6AWG may be thick enough. If the wire has sharp bends or is inside metallic conduit, then impedance of the thickest wire is still too high.

An application note demonstrates two 'even better' single point grounds; one for each structure:
http://www.erico.com/public/library/fep/technotes/tncr002.pdf

Others may do what is demonstrated by this utility in "Preventing Damage Due to Ground Potential Difference" at:
http://tinyurl.com/yefm8n9 or
http://www.duke-energy.com/indiana-business/products/power-quality/tech-tip-08.asp

In one house, an excellent single point ground was compromised by a vein of graphite behind the house. So the earth ground was expanded; a buried wire surrounding the house to create better equipotential.

On a mountain, an Ufer ground was needed for better equipotential and conductivity. Concrete being an better electrical conductor:
http://scott-inc.com/html/ufer.htm

Superior single point ground is achieved by better equipotential as well as conductivity. However most homeowners don't need that much protection. These examples only demonstrate the concept. For most, two ground rods can provide single point ground if soil is conductive.

Also critical is how that ground wire routes from each incoming utility to single point ground. Low impedance. Ground wire separated from other non-ground wires is important. As short a possible. Equipotential and impedance are also key features little understood by those who only understand AC electricity. Therefore radios hams may know more than an electrician.

Surge protectors are simple science. The art of protection is earthing.

BTW, also related. Appreciate that each layer of protection is only defined by that layer's earth ground. You are installing a 'secondary' protection layer. Also inspect your 'primary' protection layer. A picture demonstrates what to inspect:
http://www.tvtower.com/fpl.html
 
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